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What does DNA stand for? Listen and read to find out. (DNA viết tắt cho chữ gì? Nghe và đọc để tìm hiểu.)
DNA – The Blueprint of Life
DNA is one of the most important things in all living creatures. But what is it exactly? And why is it so important?
DNA, short for deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecule that contains the genetic code of organisms.
Our DNA contains all the genetic details that make us what we are. Instructions for how our cells grow and work are all inside our DNA. So DNA is a kind of instruction book for how we look.
We have forty-six chromosomes in our bodies, twenty-three from each of our parents, which join together to make pairs. The discovery of chromosomes has been one of the biggest and most important scientific discoveries in human history.
Scientists study DNA for lots of reasons. It can help them understand and treat diseases, genetically modify or improve food, identify people from hair or blood samples, and even create new life through technology like cloning (an identical copy of a plant or animal).
By understanding our DNA and the information inside it, we can understand a lot about ourselves and our health. For example, we can see if we might get certain health problems or illnesses, and we can change our lifestyles to avoid them.
The secrets inside DNA are the key to all life. The more we learn about them, the more we learn about ourselves and the world around us!
Listen to Laura talking about a holiday she took. For questions (1–4), choose the best answer (A, B or C). (Nghe Laura kể về một kỳ nghỉ mà cô ấy đã tham gia. Đối với các câu hỏi (1–4), hãy chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất (A, B hoặc C).)
1. What type of holiday did Laura go on?
A. an adventure holiday
B. an eco-holiday
C. a beach holiday
Audio 3.3
Nội dung bài nghe:
Andy: Hi Laura! How was your holiday?
Laura: It was amazing, thanks Andy. What an adventure!
Andy: You went to Madagascar, right? Did you see lots of wildlife there?
Laura: Of course. In fact, I went there to help the wildlife.
Andy: What do you mean?
Laura: It was an eco-holiday. I was there to help clean up the environment and protect the wildlife.
Andy: That’s sounds interesting!
Laura: It was incredible. Sadly, we have a lot of environmental problems on our planet today and in Madagascar, they have problems too. The main problem is that their forests are becoming smaller, so animals are losing their homes. Plastic pollution is another problem, and some species are in danger for other reasons too.
Andy: What did you do to help?
Laura: Well, I picked up rubbish on the beaches and I planted trees. I also helped to protect the nesting grounds of the turtles. That was definitely my favourite task.
Andy: Wow! Was it expensive?
Laura: Well, it wasn’t cheap because it is far away, but I don’t think it cost much more than a luxury holiday. The difference is that the money helps the local people, so it’s well worth it.
Hướng dẫn dịch:
Andy: Chào Laura! Kì nghỉ của bạn thế nào?
Laura: Thật tuyệt vời, cảm ơn Andy. Đó là một cuộc phiêu lưu!
Andy: Bạn đã đến Madagascar, phải không vậy? Bạn có thấy nhiều động vật hoang dã ở đó không?
Laura: Tất nhiên. Trên thực tế, tớ đến đó để giúp đỡ động vật hoang dã.
Andy: Ý bạn là gì á?
Laura: Đó là một kỳ nghỉ sinh thái. Tớ đã ở đó để giúp làm sạch môi trường và bảo vệ động vật hoang dã.
Andy: Điều đó nghe có vẻ thú vị!
Laura: Thật kinh ngạc. Nhưng đáng buồn thay, chúng ta có rất nhiều vấn đề môi trường trên hành tinh ngày nay và ở Madagascar cũng vậy. Vấn đề chính là rừng của họ ngày càng nhỏ, vì vậy động vật mất chỗ ở. Ô nhiễm nhựa là một vấn đề khác và một số loài cũng đang gặp nguy hiểm vì những lý do khác.
Andy: Bạn đã làm gì để giúp đỡ vậy
Laura: À, tớ nhặt rác trên bãi biển và trồng cây. Tớ cũng đã giúp bảo vệ khu vực làm tổ của những con rùa. Đó chắc chắn là nhiệm vụ yêu thích của tớ.
Andy: Wow! Chuyến đi có đắt không?
Laura: À, nó không rẻ vì nó ở xa, nhưng tớ không nghĩ nó đắt hơn một kỳ nghỉ sang trọng. Sự khác biệt là số tiền đó sẽ giúp ích cho những người dân địa phương, vì vậy nó rất xứng đáng.
Read the article and decide if each of the statements (1–5) is T (true), F (false) or DS (doesn’t say). (Đọc bài báo và quyết định xem mỗi mệnh đề (1–5) là T (đúng), F (sai) hay DS (không nói).)
Costa Rica is a country full of beautiful wildlife and amazing natural beauty. It’s also a country that’s famous for its eco-tourism and responsible travel options. Here, you can find some of the world’s best eco-tourism destinations where nature and exploration go hand in hand.
There are so many eco-friendly options to choose from! If you’ve ever wondered what it would be like to climb a volcano, then you should visit Arenal Volcano National Park. Close to the town of La Fortuna, the national park is home to hot springs, a lake and an amazing waterfall. If you enjoy sea life more, you can find it all at Ballena Marine National Park. This is one of the best places to go whale-watching and snorkelling. With 8.69 miles of incredible sandy beaches and Central America’s largest coral reef, you’ll never get tired of the wonders under the sea! If you like birds, you’ll find plenty at Corcovado National Park! There are lots of parrots and exotic birds. Forests, swamps and beaches can all be found here. Keep an eye out for rare species like jaguars, sloths and monkeys as well!
For a wonderful holiday that doesn’t harm the natural world, Costa Rica is a brilliant place to visit. In this beautiful country, you can enjoy the breathtaking wildlife and create some magical memories!
1. Costa Rica is world-famous for its eco-tourism destinations. _____