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17/07/2024 975 Lưu

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Scientists have identified two ways in which species disappear. The first is through ordinary or "background" extinctions, where species that fail to adapt are slowly replaced by more adaptable life forms. The second is when large numbers of species go to the wall in relatively short periods of biological time. There have been five such extinctions, each provoked by cataclysmic evolutionary events caused by some geological eruption, climate shift, or space junk slamming into the earth. Scientists now believe that another mass extinction of species is currently under way - and this time human fingerprints are on the trigger.

How are we doing it? Simply by demanding more and more space for ourselves. In our assault on the ecosystems around us we have used a number of tools, from spear and gun to bulldozer and chainsaw. Certain especially rich ecosystems have proved the most vulnerable. In Hawaii more than half of the native birds are now gone - some 50 species. Such carnage has taken place all across the island communities of the Pacific and Indian oceans. While many species were hunted to extinction, others simply succumbed to the "introduced predators" that humans brought with them: the cat, the dog, the pig, and the rat.

Today the tempo of extinction is picking up speed. Hunting is no longer the major culprit, although rare birds and animals continue to be butchered for their skin, feathers, tusks, and internal organs, or taken as cage pets. Today the main threat comes from the destruction of the habitat that wild plants, animals, and insects need to survive. The draining and damming of wetland and river courses threatens the aquatic food chain and our own seafood industry. Overfishing and the destruction of fragile coral reefs destroy ocean biodiversity. Deforestation is taking a staggering toll, particularly in the tropics where the most global biodiversity is at risk. The shrinking rainforest cover of the Congo and Amazon river basins and such place as Borneo and Madagascar have a wealth of species per hectare existing nowhere else. As those precious hectares are drowned or turned into arid pasture and cropland, such species disappear forever.

(Adapted from Final Countdown Practice Tests by D.F. Piniaris, Heinle Cengage Learning, 2010)

What does the passage mainly discuss? 

A. The two ways in which species disappear 
B. Human activity and its impact on a mass extinction of species 
C. Deforestation as a major cause of mass extinctions of species 
D. The tempo of extinction of species today

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Trả lời:

verified Giải bởi Vietjack

Chọn đáp án B

Câu hỏi cùng đoạn

Câu 2:

The word assault in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_________ 

A. development 
B. effort 
C. influence 
D. attack

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verified Giải bởi Vietjack

Chọn đáp án D

Câu 3:

All of the following are mentioned as a form of habitat destruction EXCEPT_________ 

A. cutting down forests 
B. damming wetlands and rivers 
C. destroying coral reefs
D. hunting of rare birds and animals

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verified Giải bởi Vietjack

Chọn đáp án D

Câu 4:

What was the main threat to biodiversity in Hawaii and other islands in the Pacific and Indian oceans until recently? 

A. vulnerable rich ecosystems 
B. hunters and introduced predators 
C. tools used by human beings 
D. human assault on ecosystems

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verified Giải bởi Vietjack

Chọn đáp án B

Câu 5:

The word them in paragraph 2 refers to_________ 

A. predators 
B. humans 
C. species
D. oceans

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verified Giải bởi Vietjack

Chọn đáp an B

Câu 6:

Which is no longer considered a major cause of the mass extinction currently under way? 

A. The killing of animals for their body parts 
B. The destruction of habitats of species 
C. The shrinking of rainforests in the tropics
D. The building of dams across rivers

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verified Giải bởi Vietjack

Chọn đáp án A

Câu 7:

The word butchered in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to_______ 

A. raised 
B. cooked 
C. killed 
D. traded

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verified Giải bởi Vietjack

Chọn đáp án C

Câu 8:

It can be inferred from the passage that________ 

A. Hunting is the major contributing factor that speeds up the extinction of species. 
B. It's impossible for scientists to identify the causes of mass extinctions of species. 
C. Habitat destruction makes a minor contribution to the current mass extinction of species. 
D. The current mass extinction is different from the five others in that it is caused by humans.

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verified Giải bởi Vietjack

Chọn đáp án D

CÂU HỎI HOT CÙNG CHỦ ĐỀ

Câu 1

A. The Culture of Tipping in Europe
B. International Tipping Etiquette 
C. Unusual Tipping Habits 
D. Rules for Tipping in Restaurants

Lời giải

Chọn đáp án B

Câu 2

A. It was conducted a long time ago.

B. It was led by Dr Karina Linnell.

C. It was from Goldsmiths College.

D. The research team studied a tribe in Africa.

Lời giải

Chọn đáp án A

Câu 3

A. Brian Kurth's dream job as a dog trainer 
B. Brian Kurth's company as a dream job market 
C. A company where people can experience their dream jobs 
D. A company where people get the training for their dream jobs

Lời giải

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Câu 4

A. Because many people assume that he should live independently. 
B. Because his parents would like him to live far from them.
C. Because his parents do not support and respect his decision. 
D. Because it makes his travelling to work more convenient.

Lời giải

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Câu 5

A. They were assigned different thinking tasks. 
B. They were all living in the desert.
C. They belong to the same tribe.
D. They had the same level of concentration.

Lời giải

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Câu 6

A. In London 
B. In a faraway part of Namibia, southwest Africa 
C. In rural areas only 
D. In a mix of city and countryside

Lời giải

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