Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of modern management thought back to the early 1900s, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) Taylor was the first person to study work scientifically. He is most famous for introducing techniques of time and motion study, differential piece rate systems, and for systematically specializing the work of operating employees and managers. Along with other pioneers such as Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Taylor set the stage, labeling his philosophy and methods “scientific management’. At that time, his philosophy, which was concerned with productivity, but which was often misinterpreted as promoting worker interests at the expense of management, was in marked contrast to the prevailing industrial norms of worker exploitation.

The time and motion study concepts were popularized by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. The Gilbreths had 12 children. By analyzing his children’s dishwashing and bedmaking chores, this pioneer efficiency expert, Frank Gilbreth, hit on principles whereby workers could eliminate waste motion. He was memorialized by two of his children in their 1949 book called “Cheaper by the Dozen”.

The Gilbreth methods included using stop watches to time worker movements and special tools (cameras and special clocks) to monitor and study worker performance, and also involved identification of “therbligs” (Gilbreth spelled backwards) – basic motions used in production jobs. Many of these motions and accompanying times have been used to determine how long it should take a skilled worker to perform a given job. In this way an industrial engineer can get a handle on the approximate time it should take to produce a product or provide a service. However, use of work analysis in this way is unlikely to lead to useful results unless all five work dimensions are considered: physical, psychological, social, cultural, and power.

The word “which” in the passage refers to

B

Có thể suy ra từ đoạn 1 rằng

A. các công nhân đón chào sự ứng dụng của quản lý khoa học

B. triết lý của Taylor khác so với những quy tắc công nghiệp

C. đầu những năm 1900 khoa học đã đạt được một giai đoạn mà ở đó nó có thể được áp dụng vào nơi làm việc.

D. công nhân không còn khai thác sau khi quản lý khoa học được đưa vào.

Dẫn chứng: At that time, his philosophy, which was concerned with productivity, but which was often misinterpreted as promoting worker interests at the expense of management, was in marked contrast to the prevailing industrial norms of worker exploitation.

=> Chọn B

D

Theo bài đọc, Frank Gilbreth đã khám phá ra công nhân có thể loại bỏ sự di chuyển thừa thải bằng cách nào

A. sử dụng công cụ đặc biệt như camera và đồng hồ

B. sử dụng đồng hồ bấm giờ

C. áp dụng các quy tắc quản lý khoa học

D. trông chừng con họ làm việc nhà

Dẫn chứng: . By analyzing his children‟s dishwashing and bedmaking chores, this pioneer efficiency expert, Frank Gilbreth, hit on principles whereby workers could eliminate waste motion.

=> Chọn D

C

Từ “moitons” gần nghĩa nhất với

A. đồng hồ bấm giờ                   B. thói quen           C. hành động         D. công cụ đặc biệt

=> motions = actions

=> Chọn C

B

Ở đâu trong bài đọc tác giả có ý kiến rằng các quy tắc quản lý khoa học thường bị hiểu sai?

Dẫn chứng: Along with other pioneers such as Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Taylor set the stage, labeling his philosophy and methods “scientific management‟. At that time, his philosophy, which was concerned with productivity, but which was often misinterpreted as promoting worker interests at the expense of management, was in marked contrast to the prevailing industrial norms of worker exploitation.

The time and motion study concepts were popularized by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. The Gilbreths had 12 children.

=>Chọn B

C

Từ “dimensions” ở dòng 24 gần nghĩa nhất với

Size: kích thước

Extents: sự mở rộng

Aspects: lĩnh vực

Standards: tiêu chuẩn

Dẫn chứng: However, use of work analysis in this way is unlikely to lead to useful results unless all five work dimensions are considered: physical, psychological, social, cultural, and power.

=> Chọn C

B

Tất cả những câu sau đúng NGOẠI TRỪ

A. quản lý khoa học liên quan đến năng suất

B. sự khởi đầu của quản lý hiện đại đã được cho rằng bắt đầu vào thế kỷ 19.

C. Danh tiếng của Frank Gilbreth được tăng lên bằng việc hai người con của ông viết 1 quyển sách.

D. việc phân tích công việc để tăng năng suất không có vẻ như là có ích nếu tất cả các lĩnh vực không được cân nhắc.

=> Dẫn chứng: Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of modern management thought back to the early 1900s,

=> Chọn B