Câu hỏi:
12/10/2021 405Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
The biologists have found more than one thousand types of butterflies in the forest, _____________its special characteristics
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Trả lời:
Đáp án C
Kiến thức được hỏi - mệnh đề phân từ
Ta thấy câu đề bài đã có đầy đủ chủ vị: S - The biologists; V - have found; O- more than one thousand types of butterflies in the forest
Như vậy loại A vì nếu ghép A vào thì sẽ thành hai câu độc lập được nối với nhau bằng dấu phẩy → sai quy định về ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh.
Loại B vì nếu ghép B vào thì sẽ thành câu có mệnh đề quan hệ; nhưng which ở đây không hợp lý vì which thay thế cho the forest hay cả một mệnh đề phía trước đều không hợp nghĩa.
Nếu muốn thêm động từ “have” phía sau thì phải nối bằng các liên từ hoặc để ở dạng rút gọn bằng mệnh đề phân từ.
Trong câu không có liên từ nên trường hợp này loại. Xét đến trường hợp rút gọn bằng mệnh đề phân từ thì phải cùng chủ ngũ nhưng trong câu này hai chủ thể của hai mệnh đề khác nhau (không cùng chủ ngữ) thì liệu ta có rút gọn được không????
Đây là một kiến thức đặc biệt, ngoài việc có thể rút gọn hai câu cùng chủ ngữ thì ta vẫn có thể rút gọn được hai câu không cùng chủ ngữ dùng phân từ/tính từ/cụm giới từ. Kiểu rút gọn bằng mệnh đề phân từ này còn được gọi là cấu trúc tuyệt đối, thường được dùng trong văn chương và thơ. Nó có thể đứng trước, sau hay chen vào giữa câu mà không làm ảnh hưởng đến cấu trúc tổng thể của câu. Nếu câu mang nghĩa chủ động thì ta có cấu trúc: N/Pronoun + V-ing
Nếu câu mang nghĩa bị động thì ta có cấu trúc: N/Pronoun + P2
Như vậy ta chọn được đáp án C.
Tạm dịch: Các nhà sinh học tìm thấy hơn một nghìn loài bướm trong khu rừng này, mỗi một loài bướm đều có những đặc điểm riêng biệt.
* Mở rộng: Dưới đây là một vài ví dụ để chúng ta hiểu hơn về kiến thức này
- Câu mang nghĩa chủ động
The girl stood all by herself. Her hair fluttered in the wind (The girl - her hair - 2 chủ ngữ khác nhau)
→ The girl stood all by herself, her hair FLUTTERING in the wind.(Cô gái đứng một mình, tóc dài bay trong gió.)
It was a fine day yesterday. I took my son fishing. (It -1 - 2 chủ ngữ khác nhau)
→ It BEING a fine day yesterday, I took my son fishing. (Hôm qua là một ngày đẹp trời, tôi đã đưa con trai đi câu cá)
- Câu mang nghĩa bị động
He sat all by by himself in the room. His back was turned to the window. (He - his back - khác chủ ngữ)
→ He sat all by by himself in the room, his back TURNED to the window.
- Ngoài ra, N/Pronoun+ cụm giới từ/tính từ
A girl came in, book in hand.
He was waiting, his eyes on her back.
Her determination stronger than ever, Nexisa resolved not to give up until she had achieved her dreams.
Lưu ý: Với cấu trúc này thường thì 2 vế phải khác chủ ngữ và có dấu phẩy để chúng ta nhận biết.
CÂU HỎI HOT CÙNG CHỦ ĐỀ
Câu 1:
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions
She was the first woman in the Philippines. She was elected as the president of the country
Câu 2:
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions
They are my two sisters. They aren’t teachers like me
Câu 3:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Trees are useful to man in three very important ways: they provide him with wood and other products, they give him shade, and they help to prevent drought and floods.
Unfortunately, in many parts of the world man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important. In his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees, he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had.
Two thousand years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships, with which to gain itself an empire. It gained the empire but, without its trees, its soil became hard and poor. When the empire fell to pieces, the country found itself faced by floods and starvation.
Even though a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is difficult for it to persuade the villager to see this. The villager wants wood to cook his food
with, and he can earn money by making charcoal or selling wood to the townsman. He is usually too lazy or too careless to plant and look after trees. So unless the government has a good system of control, or can educate the people, the forests will slowly disappear.
This does not only mean that there will be fewer trees. The results are even more serious. For where there are trees their roots break the soil up, allowing the rain to sink in and also bind the soil, thus preventing it being washed away easily, but where there are no trees, the soil becomes hard and poor. The rain falls on hard ground and flows away on the surface, causing floods and carrying away with it the rich topsoil, in which crops grow so well, when all the topsoil is gone, nothing remains but a worthless desert
It’s a great pity that in many places____________
Câu 4:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions
Câu 5:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
The head teacher has asked me to take the new boy under my_____________and look after him
Câu 6:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Trees are useful to man in three very important ways: they provide him with wood and other products, they give him shade, and they help to prevent drought and floods.
Unfortunately, in many parts of the world man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important. In his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees, he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had.
Two thousand years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships, with which to gain itself an empire. It gained the empire but, without its trees, its soil became hard and poor. When the empire fell to pieces, the country found itself faced by floods and starvation.
Even though a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is difficult for it to persuade the villager to see this. The villager wants wood to cook his food
with, and he can earn money by making charcoal or selling wood to the townsman. He is usually too lazy or too careless to plant and look after trees. So unless the government has a good system of control, or can educate the people, the forests will slowly disappear.
This does not only mean that there will be fewer trees. The results are even more serious. For where there are trees their roots break the soil up, allowing the rain to sink in and also bind the soil, thus preventing it being washed away easily, but where there are no trees, the soil becomes hard and poor. The rain falls on hard ground and flows away on the surface, causing floods and carrying away with it the rich topsoil, in which crops grow so well, when all the topsoil is gone, nothing remains but a worthless desert
The word “bind ” in the passage probably means___________
Câu 7:
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges
Mai and Joey are talking about their favorite pastimes.
Joey: “What sort of things do you like doing in your free time?” - Mai: “_____________”
về câu hỏi!