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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.

    The contemporary employment landscape is witnessing a notable shift in employee behavior, moving away from the previously prevalent trend of ‘job hopping’. For years, frequent job changes were often perceived negatively, sometimes even discrediting an employee’s commitment. However, recent data suggests a significant decline in voluntary resignations. This new phenomenon, termed ‘job hugging’, describes a situation where employees opt to remain in their current positions, effectively ‘holding tight’ to their jobs.

    Statistics from the American labor market indicate a substantial decrease in the number of workers quitting their jobs compared to previous years, highlighting this evolving trend. Data from 2024 shows that 39.6 million Americans resigned from their jobs, an 11% drop from 2023 and a significant 22% decrease compared to 2022. This sharp decline reflects a major shift in employee attitudes, with many individuals choosing to ‘hug’ their current jobs rather than risk changing roles.

    This hesitation to switch roles is primarily driven by shifting economic realities rather than increased corporate loyalty. Tougher economic conditions, including financial instability, widespread layoffs and a general fear of unemployment, have made job security a paramount concern for many. Consequently, the perceived risks associated with seeking new opportunities often outweigh the potential benefits, such as higher salaries or career advancement. Employees are, therefore, prioritizing stability within their existing companies over the uncertainty of the external job market.

    A common characteristic of individuals engaged in ‘job hugging’ is a heightened aversion to risk-taking in their career decisions. They may continue in roles even when experiencing dissatisfaction, choosing to endure familiar challenges rather than venturing into the unknown. This often involves valuing job security above personal growth or exploring new career paths. For these employees, the fear of a worse outcome in a new environment often compels them to stay put, even when other opportunities might exist. This pattern suggests a strategic decision to minimize exposure to market volatility.

Question 1. The word discrediting in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. displacing            

B. confirming               

C. degrading   

D. undermining

Question 2. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 1?

A. The American labor market shows that fewer people are leaving their jobs now than before, reflecting a new trend.

B. The evolving trend in the American labor market is a decrease in job hugging due to new statistics recorded over the previous years.

C. In the last couple of years, the number of workers quitting jobs has soared, indicating a new trend in the American labor market.

D. There are more workers deciding to commit to their jobs in the American labor market, changing the employment trend.

Question 3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 3 as a factor contributing to job hugging?

A. widespread layoffs                                   

B. fear of unemployment             

C. career advancement                                 

D. financial instability

Question 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 3?

A. Job security is less important than personal growth for job hugger

B. Job huggers often leave their jobs if they are dissatisfied.

C. Job huggers are usually eager to take risks in their careers.

D. Job huggers may stay in roles despite feeling unhappy.

Question 5. The word aversion in paragraph 4 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _______.

A. commitment        

B. preference               

C. trend   

D. negligence