Hai phân số \(\frac{c}{d}\) và \(\frac{m}{n}\) (\(c,d,m,n\) là các số nguyên khác \(0\)) gọi là bằng nhau nếu

Đặt \(A = \frac{1}{{11}} + \frac{1}{{12}} + \frac{1}{{13}} + ... + \frac{1}{{70}}\)

\(A = \frac{1}{{11}} + \frac{1}{{12}} + ... + \frac{1}{{20}} + \frac{1}{{21}} + ... + \frac{1}{{30}} + \frac{1}{{31}} + ... + \frac{1}{{40}} + \frac{1}{{41}} + ... + \frac{1}{{50}} + \frac{1}{{51}} + \frac{1}{{52}} + ... + \frac{1}{{60}} + \frac{1}{{61}} + ... + \frac{1}{{70}}\)

\(A = \left( {\frac{1}{{11}} + ... + \frac{1}{{20}}} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{{21}} + ... + \frac{1}{{30}}} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{{31}} + ... + \frac{1}{{40}}} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{{41}} + ... + \frac{1}{{50}}} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{{51}} + ... + \frac{1}{{60}}} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{{61}} + ... + \frac{1}{{70}}} \right)\)

Nhận thấy \(\frac{1}{{11}} + \frac{1}{{12}} + ... + \frac{1}{{20}} < \frac{1}{{10}} + \frac{1}{{10}} + ... + \frac{1}{{10}}\) hay \(\frac{1}{{11}} + \frac{1}{{12}} + ... + \frac{1}{{20}} < \frac{1}{{10}}.10 = 1\).

                \(\frac{1}{{21}} + \frac{1}{{22}} + ... + \frac{1}{{30}} < \frac{1}{{20}} + \frac{1}{{20}} + ... + \frac{1}{{20}}\) hay \(\frac{1}{{21}} + \frac{1}{{22}} + ... + \frac{1}{{30}} < \frac{1}{{20}}.10 = \frac{1}{2}\)

                \(\frac{1}{{31}} + \frac{1}{{32}} + ... + \frac{1}{{40}} < \frac{1}{{30}} + \frac{1}{{30}} + ... + \frac{1}{{30}}\) hay \(\frac{1}{{31}} + \frac{1}{{32}} + ... + \frac{1}{{40}} < \frac{1}{{30}}.10 = \frac{1}{3}\)

                \(\frac{1}{{41}} + \frac{1}{{42}} + ... + \frac{1}{{50}} < \frac{1}{{40}} + \frac{1}{{40}} + ... + \frac{1}{{40}}\) hay \(\frac{1}{{41}} + \frac{1}{{42}} + ... + \frac{1}{{50}} < \frac{1}{{40}}.10 = \frac{1}{4}\)

                \(\frac{1}{{51}} + \frac{1}{{52}} + ... + \frac{1}{{60}} < \frac{1}{{50}} + \frac{1}{{50}} + ... + \frac{1}{{50}}\) hay \(\frac{1}{{51}} + \frac{1}{{52}} + ... + \frac{1}{{60}} < \frac{1}{{50}}.10 = \frac{1}{5}\)

                \(\frac{1}{{61}} + \frac{1}{{62}} + ... + \frac{1}{{70}} < \frac{1}{{60}} + \frac{1}{{60}} + ... + \frac{1}{{60}}\) hay \(\frac{1}{{61}} + \frac{1}{{62}} + ... + \frac{1}{{70}} < \frac{1}{{60}}.10 = \frac{1}{6}\)

Do đó, \(A < 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6}\) hay \(A < \frac{{49}}{{20}} < \frac{{50}}{{20}} = \frac{5}{2}\).

Vậy \(\frac{1}{{11}} + \frac{1}{{12}} + \frac{1}{{13}} + ... + \frac{1}{{70}} < \frac{5}{2}\) (đpcm).

2.1.

Ta có tất cả các trục đối xứng của hình vẽ như sau:

2.2.

a) Ta có hình vẽ như sau:

b) Từ hình vẽ câu a), ta có: \(H \notin a,I \notin a,K \notin a,A \in a,B \in a.\)