Cho \(a < b.\) Khi đó

a) \(4a - 2 > 4b - 2.\)

b) \(6 - 3a < 6 - 3b\).

c) \(4a + 1 < 4b + 5.\)

d) \(7 - 2a > 4 - 2b.\)

Hướng dẫn giải

Xét \(\Delta ABC\) vuông tại \(A\) có \(\widehat {B\,} = \alpha \).

Do \(\widehat {B\,}\) là góc nhọn nên \(0^\circ < \widehat {B\,} < 90^\circ \) hay \[0^\circ < \alpha < 90^\circ .\]

Ta có: \(\sin \alpha = \frac{{AC}}{{BC}}\) và \(\cos \alpha = \frac{{AB}}{{BC}}.\)

\(B{C^2} = A{B^2} + A{C^2}\) (định lí Pythagore).

Khi đó: \[{\sin ^2}\alpha + {\cos ^2}\alpha = {\left( {\frac{{AC}}{{BC}}} \right)^2} + {\left( {\frac{{AB}}{{BC}}} \right)^2} = \frac{{A{C^2}}}{{B{C^2}}} + \frac{{A{B^2}}}{{B{C^2}}} = \frac{{A{C^2} + A{B^2}}}{{B{C^2}}} = \frac{{B{C^2}}}{{B{C^2}}} = 1.\]

Với \[0^\circ < \alpha < 90^\circ \] thì \[1 - \cos \alpha \ne 0\] và \[\sin \alpha - \cos \alpha + 1 \ne 0\].

Ta có: \[\frac{{\sin \alpha + \cos \alpha - 1}}{{1 - \cos \alpha }} - \frac{{2\cos \alpha }}{{\sin \alpha - \cos \alpha + 1}}\]

\[ = \frac{{\left( {\sin \alpha + \cos \alpha - 1} \right)\left( {\sin \alpha - \cos \alpha + 1} \right) - 2\cos \alpha \left( {1 - \cos \alpha } \right)}}{{\left( {1 - \cos \alpha } \right)\left( {\sin \alpha - \cos \alpha + 1} \right)}}\]

\[ = \frac{{\left[ {\sin \alpha + \left( {\cos \alpha - 1} \right)} \right]\left[ {\sin \alpha - \left( {\cos \alpha - 1} \right)} \right] - 2\cos \alpha \left( {1 - \cos \alpha } \right)}}{{\left( {1 - \cos \alpha } \right)\left( {\sin \alpha - \cos \alpha + 1} \right)}}\]

\[ = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha - {{\left( {\cos \alpha - 1} \right)}^2} - 2\cos \alpha + 2{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{\left( {1 - \cos \alpha } \right)\left( {\sin \alpha - \cos \alpha + 1} \right)}}\]

\[ = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha - \left( {{{\cos }^2}\alpha - 2\cos \alpha + 1} \right) - 2\cos \alpha + 2{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{\left( {1 - \cos \alpha } \right)\left( {\sin \alpha - \cos \alpha + 1} \right)}}\]

\[ = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha - {{\cos }^2}\alpha + 2\cos \alpha - 1 - 2\cos \alpha + 2{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{\left( {1 - \cos \alpha } \right)\left( {\sin \alpha - \cos \alpha + 1} \right)}}\]

\[ = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}x + {{\cos }^2}x - 1}}{{\left( {1 - \cos x} \right)\left( {\sin x - \cos x + 1} \right)}}.\]

\[ = \frac{{1 - 1}}{{\left( {1 - \cos x} \right)\left( {\sin x - \cos x + 1} \right)}} = 0\] (vì \[1 - \cos x \ne 0\] và \[\sin x - \cos x + 1 \ne 0)\]

Vậy \[\frac{{\sin x + \cos x - 1}}{{1 - \cos x}} = \frac{{2\cos x}}{{\sin x - \cos x + 1}}.\]