The diagram below shows how a modern landfill for household waste is designed.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

Sample 1:

The diagram illustrates the design of a contemporary landfill intended for household waste disposal.

Overall, the construction of such a landfill encompasses four primary elements: an excavated area, drainage infrastructure, a composite layer involving clay and an unspecified material, and a clay cap.

The construction process commences with the excavation of the ground in a trapezoidal prism shape, situated above a foundation of natural rock. Subsequently, an unspecified synthetic substance is positioned over a layer of clay. Concurrently, a drainage tank is excavated, taking on the form of a cuboid, traversing through the aforementioned layers, while a network of drainage pipes is also incorporated.

Upon readiness for operation, the landfill is filled with household waste, with the resultant leachate being filtered and directed away from the excavation through the installed pipes. Once the waste has disintegrated into a mud-like amalgam, a clay cover is applied to the top surface, and any emitted gases from the site are channeled away.

Sample 2:

The diagram illustrates the design and operation of a modern landfill for domestic wastedisposal.

Overall, the process involves four stages, beginning with the excavation and construction of the landfill and concluding with its closure after waste deposition.

Initially, a rectangular man-made cavity is excavated into the ground until it reaches the underneath layer of natural rock. This cavity is then lined with synthetic material and clay. forming a barrier to ensure effective waste containment. At the base, a drainage system comprising of multiple pipes and a tank is installed to facilitate the waste processing phase by managing the liquid waste produced as waste decomposes.

Following construction, the landfill is utilized for household waste disposal. Over time, liquid by-products accumulate at the bottom and are handled by the drainage system. In the final stage, once the landfill reaches capacity, it is sealed with a thick layer of clay. Gas venting pipes are installed to safely release gases produced during the decomposition of waste materials.

Sample 3:

The diagram shows the life cycle of a modern landfill used for the disposal of household waste. There are three main stages in the life of a landfill: the construction, the use of, and the closure.

Firstly, a giant hole is dug in the earth above a bed of natural rock. Once the hole has been dug, it is then lined with a thick layer of clay, followed by a layer of synthetic material which helps to stop toxic waste substances from leaching into the surrounding earth. Drainage pipes and a drainage tank are also installed in order to remove the toxic waste liquids from the bottom of the landfill.

Once the landfill has been built, it is ready to be filled with household waste. During the usage stage of the landfill, waste liquids will sink to the bottom where they will be held in the drainage tank and removed via the drainage pipes in order to minimise a build-up of gas. Once the landfill is full, it is covered with a thick layer of clay. As the waste degrades over time, waste gases are emitted from the landfill.

Sample 4:

The given diagrams provide an illustration of a modern landfill for household waste. Overall, a typical landfill is a man-made hole dug on a solid, two-layer base in which household refuse is kept and toxic liquids are removed from the landfill by the use of a system of pipes.

The construction of a landfill commences when a large hole is dug out of a site with natural rock underneath. The bottom of the hole is thereafter covered with a layer of clay and another layer of unspecified synthetic substance. A drainage tank which is a box-shaped compartment dug through the two aforementioned layers and a set of drainage pipes are also installed.

When used, the landfill is filled up with household waste, with the leachate being extracted and eventually flowing out of the site in liners. Once the rubbish has been converted into a mud-like compound, the landfill is sealed with clay, and gases that are emitted as a result of the conversion is eventually pumped out to an unspecified zone.

Sample 5:

Given in the process is how a contemporary household landfill is contructed and operated.

Four stages are involved, starting from creating a space underground and ending at pit covering.

The first two stages aim at constructing the landfill. Firstly, an artificial open rectangle hole is dug until reaching the natural rock layer of the earth core. Several layers including clay and synthetic substances are then used to cover the pit wall. Drainage pipes are placed on the surface of the base except for the minor space spared at the bottom of the pit for a drainage tank.

Once the pit construction is finished, household waste could be stored inside. Users are advised to close it by a clay lid in the final step. While the waste is fermented, the gas produced along the way could pass through the installed pipes and is potentially reused as a form of energy.

Sample 6:

The images illustrate the construction and operation of a method for household waste disposal, also known as a landfill. It could be deduced from the cross-section of this apparatus that its life cycle includes three sequential phases of construction, use and termination.

To create a landfill, a deep hole is first dug into the ground and goes as far as the natural rocks beneath the soil. It is then layered with clay and padded with another layer of synthetic material to prevent waste from leaking and contaminating the earth. Inside the hole, there are a set of drain pipes and a tank to ensure that waste does not cause clogging.

During operation, liquid from the garbage that occupies the landfill sinks to the bottom of the hole so as to escape through the drainage pipes. This minimizes the generation of toxic gases inside the landfill, and also leaves more space for solid waste. Once the hole is full, workers seal it off with clay. Following the end stage, garbage inside the landfill decomposes, and gases are produced.

Sample 7:

The diagram depicts how to build and operate a landfill for residential waste.

Overall, the landfill's lifecycle is segmented into four principal stages, beginning with two steps construction, one utilization step for waste disposal, and final closure.

Initially, the process begins with the excavation of a man-made hole, which forms the base of the landfill. Subsequently, the second stage involves the placement of a synthetic substance inside the clay layer surrounding the hole, ensuring a secure and leak-proof foundation. In conjunction, drainage pipes and a tank are installed, designed to handle and store liquid by-products. The third stage is marked by the active use of the landfill for the disposal of household waste, which is deposited and allowed to accumulate within the prepared space. Upon reaching its full capacity, the landfill enters the closure stage, where a layer of clay is applied over the accumulated waste. This stage also includes the installation of pipes which function to vent gases generated within the landfill.

Sample 8:

The diagram illustrates how a modern landfill for household waste is made and used.

Overall, there are three main stages involved in the process, starting with digging the hole, then using it and and when it is full, it is closed by means of a clay sheet.

The construction begins with a hole being dug in the ground, which is just above the natural rock layer. Then, protective linings, consisting of an outer clay layer and an inner one made of artificial materials, are applied to the bottom and the sides of the hole to prevent waste leakage into the environment. At the same time, a drainage system is installed, including a drainage tank and pipes, to allow wastewater to exit the site.

Once the installation is complete, the landfill is ready for use, as household waste is dumped into the hole over time. During this stage, waste-liquid from the refuse sinks to the bottom, where it builds up in the tank and is rerouted via drainage pipes to avoid the accumulation of toxic liquids. After reaching its full capacity, the hole is covered by clay, then the trash is left to decompose, producing waste gases, which are finally collected through a gas-collecting system.

Sample 9:

The diagram illustrates the process involved in the lifecycle of a modern landfill, specifically designed for household waste disposal.

Overall, there are 3 significant phases commencing with the construction and ending with closing the landfill.

The process begins with excavating a substantial hole in the ground, positioned on a bed of natural rock. After excavation, the pit is lined with a thick clay layer, followed by a synthetic liner to prevent harmful substances from seeping into the soil. Additionally, drainage pipes and a tank are installed at the base to manage and remove toxic liquid waste.

Upon completion of the landfill's construction, it becomes operational, receiving household waste. During this phase, liquid waste accumulates at the bottom and is collected in the drainage tank, with pipes facilitating its removal to mitigate gas buildup. When the landfill reaches its capacity, it is sealed with another layer of clay. Over time, as the waste decomposes, gases are produced and emitted from the site.

Sample 10:

The diagram outlines the structure of a modern landfill designed for household waste disposal.

Overall, the diagram shows that the landfill construction involves four key elements: excavation, lining with protective materials, installation of a drainage system, and a sealing process. The use of the landfill focuses on waste disposal and leachate management, while the closure phase aims to secure the site and handle gas emissions.

The construction process begins with digging a trapezoidal prism-shaped hole, located above a base of natural rock. Following this, a synthetic material is laid over a layer of clay. At the same time, a drainage tank is excavated in the shape of a cuboid, cutting through the layers, and a network of drainage pipes is installed.

Once operational, the landfill is filled with household waste. Leachate, a liquid produced from waste, is filtered and diverted away from the excavation through the drainage pipes. After the waste decomposes into a sludge-like mixture, a clay cover is applied to the top surface, and any gases generated from the site are vented out.

Sample 11:

The diagrams illustrate the process involved in constructing a modern landfill designed for household waste management. Overall, the process encompasses three primary stages including construction, waste deposition, and waste management with several key components, including a pit, drainage pipes, and a tank.

In the initial construction stage, a large, deep rectangular pit is excavated in natural rock. This pit is first lined with a thick layer of clay, followed by a synthetic liner to prevent leakage. At the bottom of the pit, a drainage tank is installed, while several drainage pipes are positioned on top of the liner. These components are crucial for the subsequent management of liquid waste.

Once the landfill is prepared, it is filled with household waste. As waste accumulates, excess liquid drains through the pipes into the tank at the base, preventing contamination of the surrounding soil.

In the final stage, gas generated from the decomposing waste is collected via a gas vent, which is connected to the drainage pipes. This gas is then safely emitted and can be utilized domestically. In order to effectively contain the waste and minimize environmental impact, the landfill is sealed with another layer of clay.

This comprehensive setup ensures efficient waste management by preventing leakage, managing waste liquids, and safely utilizing generated gases.

Sample 12:

The diagram showcases the blueprint for a modern landfill for household waste. Overall, the construction of a landfill involves four components: a man-made hole, drainage pipes, a layer of clay and another unspecified substance, as well as a clay cover.  

The building is initiated by emptying the ground in the shape of a trapezoidal prism above a foundation of natural rock. Then, a layer of an unspecified synthetic substance is placed on top of a layer of clay. A drainage tank is dug out through the two aforementioned layers in the shape of a cuboid, while a system of drainage pipes is also installed.

When it is ready to be used, the landfill is filled with household waste, with the leachate being filtered out and pumped through the pipes, away from the hole itself. Once the waste has been pulverized into a layer of mud-like amalgamation, the top is covered with a clay lid, and gases emitting from the site are funneled away.  

Sample 13:

The process details a modern landfill designed for the storage of household waste. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that it is a largely man-made process taking place in the natural environment that involves drainage and disposal of various liquids and gases as well as basic storage of the waste itself.

The landfill is a rectangular hole cut into a large piece of natural rock. To finish the construction, there are synthetic pipes, and a clay layer placed against the rock as well as drainage pipes and a drainage tank at the bottom of the landfill.

When in use, the household waste is stored in the main compartment and liquid waste is held in the tank. The landfill is then closed and paved over with a single clay layer with the synthetic pipes still in place that can transport gases in or out of the storage area.

Sample 14:

The diagram illustrates the design and process of a modern landfill for the disposal of household waste.

Overall, the picture shows its construction, use, and closure stages to dispose of waste in a controlled and environmentally responsible manner.

In the construction stage, a large man-made hole is excavated/ dug into natural rock. The hole is then lined with a layer of clay and synthetic material to prevent contamination of the surrounding soil. At the bottom of the landfill, drainage pipes and a drainage tank are installed to collect liquid waste.

During the use stage, household waste is dumped into / deposited into the landfill. As waste builds up, liquid waste seeps to the bottom, where it is collected by the drainage pipes and tank, preventing it from leaking into / escaping into the environment. In the closure stage, once the landfill is full/ reaches capacity, it is sealed with a layer of clay to block off any additional entry of waste or environmental exposure. A pipe is also installed / added to release gases produced by / generated by decomposing waste, ensuring proper ventilation and maintaining environmental safety.

Sample 15:

The diagram illustrates the design of the modern landfill site for waste from households.

Overall, the design shows three phases. Firstly, it shows the construction, then the use and finally the closure of the landfill site.

The design begins with making a hole in the natural rock. Then the hole is lined with clay and a synthetic lining is placed on top of the clay. Next, a drainage tank is placed at the bottom of the hole and the waste liquid is designed to be fed to this tank by drainage pipes.

The second phase is the use of the landfill site. Trucks empty household waste into the hole. The drainage tank enables waste liquid to empty into the surrounding natural rock.

Finally, the site is closed when the hole is filled completely with household waste. A pipe is put into the hole in order to enable gases to escape into the air outside. In the last stage, the top is sealed with clay and the design process is completed.

Sample 16:

The diagram depicts the design and operation of a modern landfill for household waste.

Overall, the process involves careful construction, usage, and closure phases to manage waste efficiently and minimize environmental impact.

Initially, a man-made hole is excavated in a natural rock base. This hole is lined with a layer of clay and a synthetic substance to create a barrier that prevents contamination. Drainage pipes and a drainage tank are then installed to manage the liquid waste, known as leachate, that results from waste decomposition.

During the usage phase, household waste is deposited into the landfill. Over time, this waste compresses, and any leachate produced is collected and directed away through the drainage system, ensuring that the surrounding environment remains protected.

In the final stage, the landfill is sealed once it reaches capacity. A thick layer of clay is added on top of the waste, followed by a layer of soil to support vegetation growth, typically grass. This seal prevents further leachate production and reduces the impact on the environment. Additionally, gas pipes are installed to safely vent gases generated during waste decomposition.

Sample 17:

The design of a landfill for residential waste, including details about the construction and usage is illustrated in the diagram.

Significantly, it is noticeable that the whole process takes place in the natural environment. Specifically, to construct the landfill, a deep rectangular hole needs to be dug, which is cut into a large piece of natural rock. After that, a clay layer and a synthetic lining are placed against the rock. Meanwhile, at the bottom of the landfill are some drainage pipes and a drainage tank.

Once the construction is done, trucks carrying household waste can dump household waste into the landfill for storage and the waste liquid is held in the drainage tank. Finally, the tank is sealed with a clay cover, leaving a vent connecting the outside to allow the gases inside to discharge.

To sum up, it is a relatively simple way to build and use a landfill to dispose of residential waste, which does not involve a complicated process or various materials and equipment.

Sample 18:

The shown picture describes the construction of a modern landfill for household waste and how it works.

As can be clearly seen from the diagram, this landfill is made by digging in the ground and the waste is dissolved with the help of both artificial and natural substances.

In terms of its structure, firstly, a spacious rectangular-shaped man-made hole is dug up from the ground which has a layer of natural rock underneath. Next, a thin layer of clay is laid on before being covered by a special synthetic substance. A drainage tank is then put down, with a number of drainage pipes placed on top of it.

Moving to its operating principle, abandoned waste from households is discarded into the hole and then buried by a thick surface of clay. After a while, the liquid waste drops to the bottom of the drainage tank and gradually changes from liquid form to gas form to escape out through the pipes.

Sample 19:

The diagram illustrates the process of constructing and using a modern landfill for household waste.

Overall, the process involves careful construction and management in three main steps - construction, use, and closure - to ensure that waste is stored safely, and any harmful by-products are properly handled.

During the construction phase, a large hole is dug into the natural rock. This hole is then lined with a thick layer of clay and a synthetic material to prevent pollutants from seeping into the surrounding soil. Drainage pipes and a drainage tank are installed at the bottom to manage liquid waste.

In the use phase, household waste is deposited into the landfill. Liquid waste is collected at the bottom and removed through the drainage system to minimize gas buildup.

Finally, in the closure phase, once the landfill is full, it is covered with a thick layer of clay. This acts as a barrier to prevent waste from escaping into the environment. Over time, as the waste decomposes, gases are released and are directed through pipes to a treatment facility.