PHẦN II. TRẢ LỜI NGẮN

Giới hạn \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } \left( {\sqrt {{x^2} + 7ax + 5}  + x} \right) =  - 3\) với a Î \(\mathbb{Q}\). Tìm giá trị của a (kết quả làm tròn đến hàng phần trăm).

\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } \left( {\frac{{4{x^2} - 3x + 2}}{{x + 2}} - 2ax + b} \right) = 0\)\( \Leftrightarrow \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } \left[ {\left( {4 - 2a} \right)x + b - 11 + \frac{{24}}{{x + 2}}} \right] = 0\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}4 - 2a = 0\\ - 11 + b = 0\end{array} \right.\)\( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}a = 2\\b = 11\end{array} \right.\).

Vậy 2a – 3b = −29.

Trả lời: −29.

a) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{f\left( x \right)}}{{x - 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{{x^2} - 3x + 2}}{{x - 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{\left( {x - 2} \right)\left( {x - 1} \right)}}{{x - 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \left( {x - 2} \right) = - 1\).

b) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{f\left( x \right)}}{{{x^2} - 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{{x^2} - 3x + 2}}{{{x^2} - 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{\left( {x - 2} \right)\left( {x - 1} \right)}}{{\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{x - 2}}{{x + 1}} = - \frac{1}{2}\).

c) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{f\left( x \right)}}{{{x^3} - {x^2} + x - 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{\left( {x - 2} \right)\left( {x - 1} \right)}}{{\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {{x^2} + 1} \right)}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{x - 2}}{{{x^2} + 1}} = - \frac{1}{2} < 0\).

d) Để \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{f\left( x \right)}}{{ax + b}} = 2\) thì ax + b có nghiệm bằng 1 Û a + b = 0 Û b = −a.

Khi đó \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{f\left( x \right)}}{{ax + b}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{\left( {x - 2} \right)\left( {x - 1} \right)}}{{a\left( {x - 1} \right)}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{x - 2}}{a} = - \frac{1}{a} = 2\) \( \Leftrightarrow a = - \frac{1}{2} \Rightarrow b = \frac{1}{2}\).

Suy ra \(a + 3b = - \frac{1}{2} + 3.\frac{1}{2} = 1\).

Đáp án: a) Đúng; b) Sai;   c) Sai;   d) Đúng.