Câu hỏi:
17/07/2023 1,079
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 40 to 47.
Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicion with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.
One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.
While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 40 to 47.
Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicion with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.
One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.
While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
Đáp án chính xác
Câu hỏi trong đề:
Đề kiểm tra học kì 1 Tiếng anh 12 năm 2023 có đáp án !!
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Trả lời:
Giải bởi Vietjack
Đáp án đúng là: C
Giải thích: Nội dung cả đoạn văn nói về những cố gắng để cải thiện cuộc sống thành thị đầu thế kỷ 20.
Câu hỏi cùng đoạn
Câu 2:
The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas .
The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas .
Đáp án chính xác
Lời giải của GV VietJack
Đáp án đúng là: B
Giải thích:
Dựa vào câu: Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living.
Dịch: Trong suốt thế kỷ XIX và đến thế kỷ XX, người dân Hoa Kỳ vẫn giữ thành kiến đối với các thành phố lớn. Hầu hết sống trong các trang trại và trong các thị trấn nhỏ và tin rằng các thành phố là trung tâm của tham nhũng, tội phạm, nghèo đói và suy thoái đạo đức. Sự ngờ vực của họ một phần là do hệ tư tưởng dân tộc coi nông nghiệp là nghề lớn nhất và cuộc sống ở nông thôn cao hơn cuộc sống ở thành thị.
Câu 3:
In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order to .
Đáp án chính xác
Lời giải của GV VietJack
Đáp án đúng là: B
Giải thích:
Dựa vào câu: Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city.
Dịch: Hàng nghìn người đã từ bỏ cuộc sống bấp bênh ở nông trại để tìm những công việc an toàn hơn và được trả lương cao hơn trong thành phố.
Câu 4:
The word "precarious" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning .
The word "precarious" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning .
Đáp án chính xác
Lời giải của GV VietJack
Đáp án đúng là: D
Giải thích: precarious (adj) chông chênh, bấp bênh = unstable
Dựa vào câu: Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city.
Dịch: Hàng nghìn người đã từ bỏ cuộc sống bấp bênh ở nông trại để tìm những công việc an toàn hơn và được trả lương cao hơn trong thành phố.
Câu 5:
What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies?
What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies?
Đáp án chính xác
Lời giải của GV VietJack
Đáp án đúng là: A
Giải thích:
Dựa vào câu: Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them.
Dịch: Các nhà cải cách lo sợ rằng các công ty tiện ích thuộc sở hữu tư nhân sẽ tính giá cắt cổ cho những dịch vụ thiết yếu này và chỉ cung cấp chúng cho những người có đủ khả năng chi trả.
Câu 6:
All of the following were the direct results of public utility reforms EXCEPT .
All of the following were the direct results of public utility reforms EXCEPT .
Đáp án chính xác
Lời giải của GV VietJack
Đáp án đúng là: D
Giải thích:
Dựa vào câu: Some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.
Dịch: Một số chính quyền thành phố và tiểu bang phản ứng bằng cách điều chỉnh các công ty tiện ích, nhưng một số thành phố bắt đầu tự cung cấp các dịch vụ này. Những người ủng hộ những cải cách này cho rằng quyền sở hữu công cộng và các quy định sẽ đảm bảo khả năng tiếp cận rộng rãi các tiện ích này và đảm bảo một mức giá hợp lý.
Câu 7:
The word "others" in the last paragraph refers to .
The word "others" in the last paragraph refers to .
Đáp án chính xác
Lời giải của GV VietJack
Đáp án đúng là: A
Giải thích:
Dựa vào câu: While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole.
Dịch: Trong khi một số cải cách tập trung vào hành vi của chính phủ và công chúng, những cải cách khác lại xem xét tổng thể các thành phố.
Câu 8:
Why does the author mention "industrialization" in the last paragraph?
Why does the author mention "industrialization" in the last paragraph?
Đáp án chính xác
Lời giải của GV VietJack
Đáp án đúng là: B
Giải thích: Tác giả đề cập đến “industrialization” để nhấn mạnh vào tầm quan trọng của kinh tế đối với những khu vực thành thị.
Dịch: Quy hoạch thành phố không có gì mới, nhưng quá trình công nghiệp hóa và phát triển đô thị nhanh chóng vào cuối thế kỷ XIX đã diễn ra mà không cần cân nhắc đến trật tự.
Nhà sách VIETJACK:
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