Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth’s ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution.
Certainly, there have been periods in Earth’s history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.
However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth’s ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution.
Certainly, there have been periods in Earth’s history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.
However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The variety of species found in tropical rain forests
B. The cause of the extinction of the dinosaurs
C. The time required for species to adapt to new environments
D. The impact of human activities on Earth’s ecosystems
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Đáp án D
Câu hỏi cùng đoạn
Câu 2:
The word “jolting” is closest in meaning to______.
The word “jolting” is closest in meaning to______.
A. illuminating
B. unknown
C. shocking
D. predicted

Đáp án C
Câu 3:
The author mentions all of the following as examples of the effect of humans on the world’s ecosystems EXCEPT______.
The author mentions all of the following as examples of the effect of humans on the world’s ecosystems EXCEPT______.
A. damage to marine ecosystems
B. habitat destruction in wetlands
C. the introduction of new varieties of plant species
D. destruction of the tropical rain forests

Đáp án C
Câu 4:
The author mentions the extinction of the dinosaurs in paragraph 2 to emphasize that ______.
The author mentions the extinction of the dinosaurs in paragraph 2 to emphasize that ______.
A. not all mass extinctions have been caused by human activity
B. actions by humans could not stop the irreversible process of a species’ extinction
C. Earth’s climate has changed significantly since the dinosaurs’ extinction
D. the cause of the dinosaurs’ extinction is unknown

Đáp án A
Câu 5:
According to the passage, natural evolutionary change is different from changes caused by humans in that changes caused by humans _______.
According to the passage, natural evolutionary change is different from changes caused by humans in that changes caused by humans _______.
A. affect fewer ecosystems
B. are occurring at a much faster rate
C. are reversible
D. are less devastating to most species

Đáp án B
Câu 6:
The word “they” in paragraph 1 refer to _________.
The word “they” in paragraph 1 refer to _________.
A. humans
B. marine ecosystems
C. other types of activities
D. poisonous waste

Đáp án A
Câu 7:
With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?
With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?
A. The extinction of a few species is an acceptable consequence of human progress
B. Technology will provide solutions to problems caused by the destruction of ecosystems
C. Human influence on ecosystems should not be a factor in determining public policy
D. Humans should be more conscious of the influence they have on ecosystems

Đáp án D
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CÂU HỎI HOT CÙNG CHỦ ĐỀ
Lời giải
Đáp án B
Lời giải
Đáp án C
Câu 3
A. Thailand
B. Malaysia
C. Singapore
D. Myanmar
Lời giải
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Câu 4
A. kindergarten
B. compulsory
C. curriculum
D. certificate
Lời giải
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Câu 5
A. finished
B. escaped
C. damaged
D. promised
Lời giải
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Câu 6
A. permanent
B. guess
C. complicated
D. soak
Lời giải
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