Câu hỏi:
12/09/2023 339
It is hard to get any agreement on the precise meaning of the term "social class". In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those they consider their equals from which they assume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in social scale. The criteria we use to 'place' a new acquaintance, however, are a complex mixture of factors. Dress, way of speaking, area of residence in a given city or province, education and manners all play a part.
In ancient civilizations, the Sumerian, for example, which flourished in the lower Euphrates valley from 2000 to 5000 B.C. social differences were based on birth, status or rank, rather than on wealth. Four main classes were recognized. These were the rulers, the priestly administrators, the freemen (such as craftsmen, merchants or farmers) and the slaves.
In Greece, after the sixth-century B.C., there was a growing conflict between the peasants and the aristocrats, and a gradual decrease in the power of the aristocracy when a kind of ‘middle class’ of traders and skilled workers grew up. The population of Athens, for example, was divided into three main classes which were politically and legally distinct. About one-third of the total population was slaves, who did not count politically at all, a fact often forgotten by those who praise Athens as the nursery of democracy. The next main group consisted of resident foreigners, the, ‘metics’ who were freemen, though they too were allowed no share in political life. The third group was the powerful body of ‘citizens”, who were themselves divided into sub-classes.
In the later Middle Ages, however, the development of a money economy and the growth of cities and trade led to the rise of another class, the ‘burghers’ or city merchants and mayors. These were the predecessors of the modern middle classes. Gradually high office and occupation assumed importance in determining social position, as it became more and more possible for a person born to one station in life to move to another. This change affected the towns more than the country areas, where remnants of feudalism lasted much longer.
According to the passage, we evaluate other people's social position by ________ .
It is hard to get any agreement on the precise meaning of the term "social class". In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those they consider their equals from which they assume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in social scale. The criteria we use to 'place' a new acquaintance, however, are a complex mixture of factors. Dress, way of speaking, area of residence in a given city or province, education and manners all play a part.
In ancient civilizations, the Sumerian, for example, which flourished in the lower Euphrates valley from 2000 to 5000 B.C. social differences were based on birth, status or rank, rather than on wealth. Four main classes were recognized. These were the rulers, the priestly administrators, the freemen (such as craftsmen, merchants or farmers) and the slaves.
In Greece, after the sixth-century B.C., there was a growing conflict between the peasants and the aristocrats, and a gradual decrease in the power of the aristocracy when a kind of ‘middle class’ of traders and skilled workers grew up. The population of Athens, for example, was divided into three main classes which were politically and legally distinct. About one-third of the total population was slaves, who did not count politically at all, a fact often forgotten by those who praise Athens as the nursery of democracy. The next main group consisted of resident foreigners, the, ‘metics’ who were freemen, though they too were allowed no share in political life. The third group was the powerful body of ‘citizens”, who were themselves divided into sub-classes.
In the later Middle Ages, however, the development of a money economy and the growth of cities and trade led to the rise of another class, the ‘burghers’ or city merchants and mayors. These were the predecessors of the modern middle classes. Gradually high office and occupation assumed importance in determining social position, as it became more and more possible for a person born to one station in life to move to another. This change affected the towns more than the country areas, where remnants of feudalism lasted much longer.
According to the passage, we evaluate other people's social position by ________ .
Đáp án chính xác
Câu hỏi trong đề:
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Trả lời:
Giải bởi Vietjack
Đáp án B
Chúng tôi đánh giá vị trí xã hội của người khác bằng cách:
The criteria we use to 'place' a new acquaintance, however, are a complex mixture of factors. Dress, way of speaking, area of residence in a given city or province, education and manners all play a part.
A. hỏi họ những chi tiết tuyệt vời
B. trang phục, cách cư xử, khu vực cư trú và các yếu tố khác
C. tìm ra mức lương của họ là bao nhiêu
D. loại công việc họ làm
Câu hỏi cùng đoạn
Câu 2:
The word "criteria" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ________ .
The word "criteria" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ________ .
Đáp án chính xác
Lời giải của GV VietJack
Đáp án C
Từ " criteria " trong đoạn đầu tiên có ý nghĩa gần nghĩa với:
A. đặc điểm
B. từ
C. tiêu chuẩn phán xét
D. phê bình
Câu 3:
The word “which” in the paragraph 2 refers to ______.
The word “which” in the paragraph 2 refers to ______.
Đáp án chính xác
Lời giải của GV VietJack
Đáp án B
Từ “which” trong đoạn 2 đề cập đến:
A. nền văn minh cổ đại
B. Sumerian
C. ví dụ
D. Euphrates valley
Câu 4:
The decline of the Greek aristocracy's power in the sixth century B.C ________ .
The decline of the Greek aristocracy's power in the sixth century B.C ________ .
Đáp án chính xác
Lời giải của GV VietJack
Đáp án B
Sự suy giảm quyền lực quý tộc Hy Lạp trong thế kỷ thứ sáu trước Công Nguyên:
In Greece, after the sixth-century B.C., there was a growing conflict between the peasants and
the aristocrats, and a gradual decrease in the power of the aristocracy when a kind of ‘middle
class’ of traders and skilled workers grew up.
A. gây ra xung đột quốc tế trong khu vực
B. trùng hợp với sự nổi lên của một "tầng lớp trung lưu" mới của các thương lái và nông dân
C. được hỗ trợ bởi sự gia tăng số lượng nô lệ
D. chỉ kéo dài trong một thời gian ngắn
Câu 5:
Athens is often praised as the nursery of democracy ________.
Athens is often praised as the nursery of democracy ________.
Đáp án chính xác
Lời giải của GV VietJack
Đáp án B
Athens thường được ca ngợi là vườn ươm của nền dân chủ ________.
The population of Athens, for example, was divided into three main classes which were
politically and legally distinct. About one-third of the total population was slaves, who did not count politically at all, a fact often forgotten by those who praise Athens as the nursery of democracy.
A. mặc dù nô lệ được phép bỏ phiếu
B. bởi vì ba lớp chính của nó có sự khác biệt về mặt chính trị và pháp lý.
C. mặc dù phụ thuộc nặng nề vào lao động nô lệ
D. bởi vì ngay cả trẻ nhỏ cũng có thể bầu cử
Câu 6:
The word "predecessors" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.
Đáp án chính xác
Lời giải của GV VietJack
Đáp án C
Từ " predecessors " trong đoạn cuối cùng có ý nghĩa gần nhất với ________.
A. người ủng hộ
B. con cháu
C. tổ tiên
D. cơ quan chức năng
Câu 7:
The passage is mainly about ________.
The passage is mainly about ________.
Đáp án chính xác
Lời giải của GV VietJack
Đáp án C
Chủ đề chính của đoạn văn là:
A. lịch sử nhân loại
B. xã hội hiện đại
C. sự phân chia các tầng lớp xã hội trong thế giới cổ đại
D. đời sống xã hội ở Hy Lạp cổ đại
Nhà sách VIETJACK:
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