Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

     When General O. O. Howard assumed his duties as commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau on May 12, 1865, he faced no problem more difficult than that of affording freedmen legal protection. Despite the fact that the war had dealt a death blow to slavery, the legal status that blacks would occupy as free men was uncertain when the war ended.

      In the pre-war period, Southern state law has discriminated against free blacks, providing harsher criminal punishment for them than for whites, denying them the right to testify against whites, and severely restricting their liberty in numerous ways. In the war's aftermath, Southern whites, rapidly able to gain control of their state and local governments under President Andrew Johnson's program of reconstruction, stood ready to apply this discriminatory law to the freedmen. Nor was the problem of affording freedmen legal protection limited to shielding them from enforcement of discriminatory state law.

      In the post-war period, Southern whites, fearful of the consequences of liberation, resorted to violence on a massive scale in order to maintain their dominance over blacks. And in the face of this violence, Southern state law enforcement and judicial officials generally proved to be either unwilling or unable to bring to justice whites who had committed acts of violence against freedmen. Moreover, the problem of protecting black workers against immoral employers also confronted Howard and his subordinates.

      Although the Freedmen's Bureau Act authorized them to lease and ultimately to sell abandoned land to freedmen, Andrew Johnson's policy prevented Bureau officials from using that authority to make blacks

landowners. Consequently, in order to support themselves, most freedmen found it necessary to work for

whites as plantation and farm laborers. And given impoverished planters' inability to pay laborers in cash at

the end of each month, most black laborers had little choice but to agree to work for planters for an entire

year and to receive their pay, in either cash or a share of the crop, at the end of the year. In this situation,

white employers, many of whom were eager to pay their workers as little as possible, had numerous opportunities to deny freedmen’s right.

The word “unwilling” in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.

Lời giải của GV VietJack

Giải thích: Trong đoạn văn, "their" đề cập đến "Southern whites".

Chọn đáp án C.

Lời giải của GV VietJack

A. The Freedmen's Bureau ultimately proved a success because it was able to guarantee freedmen Southern plantation and farm owners. ⭢ Câu này không chính xác vì đoạn văn không đề cập đến việc Cơ quan Dân ủy đã thành công trong việc đảm bảo cho người tự do các quyền của các chủ trang trại và nông trại.

  B. Freedmen were, in many ways, still slaves after the war because of their economic dependence on plantation and farm owners. ⭢ Câu này đúng vì đoạn văn thảo luận về việc người tự do vẫn phụ thuộc kinh tế vào các chủ trang trại và trang trại, tương tự như tình trạng của họ làm nô lệ trước cuộc chiến tranh.

  C. President Johnson's actions were guided by a desire to win the respect and loyalty of the Southern control freedmen. ⭢ Câu này không chính xác vì đoạn văn không tập trung vào động cơ của Tổng thống Johnson liên quan đến sự tôn trọng và lòng trung thành của người tự do.

     D. Because Southerners had no resort to the judicial system, they employed violence as a means to private ownership of land. ⭢ Câu này không chính xác vì trong khi đoạn văn thảo luận về bạo lực đối với người tự do, nhưng nó không đặc biệt gán nó cho việc người miền Nam không có quyền truy cứu hệ thống tư pháp.

Giải thích: “Consequently, in order to support themselves, most freedmen found it necessary to work for

whites as plantation and farm laborers.”

Chọn đáp án B.

Lời giải của GV VietJack

Giải thích: “And in the face of this violence, Southern state law enforcement and judicial officials generally proved to be either unwilling or unable to bring to justice whites who had committed acts of violence against freedmen.” 

Chọn đáp án A.

Lời giải của GV VietJack

Giải thích: “In the war's aftermath, Southern whites, rapidly able to gain control of their state and local governments under President Andrew Johnson's program of reconstruction”.

Chọn đáp án B.

Lời giải của GV VietJack

A. exposing (tiết lộ) B. punishing (phạt) C. protecting (bảo vệ) D. stopping (dừng lại)

Giải thích: shielding: bảo vệ, che chở đồng nghĩa với protecting.

Chọn đáp án C.

Lời giải của GV VietJack

Chọn đáp án D