Khi monobromine hoá propane, thu được hai sản phẩm là 2 – bromopropane và 1 – bromopropane. Hãy viết phương trình hoá học, cơ chế của phản ứng và dự đoán sản phẩm nào là sản phẩm chính.

- Giai đoạn phát triển mạch phản ứng:

\(C{H_3} - C{H_2} - C{H_2} - H + B{r^ \bullet } \to C{H_3} - C{H_2} - \mathop C\limits^ \bullet {H_2} + HBr\)

\(C{H_3} - C{H_2} - \mathop C\limits^ \bullet {H_2} + Br - Br \to C{H_3} - C{H_2} - C{H_2} - Br + B{r^ \bullet }\)

\[\begin{array}{l}C{H_3} - \mathop C\limits_{\left| {} \right.} H - C{H_3} + B{r^ \bullet } \to C{H_3} - \mathop C\limits^ \bullet H - C{H_3} + HBr\\\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,H\end{array}\]

\(\begin{array}{l}C{H_3} - \mathop C\limits^ \bullet H - C{H_3} + Br - Br \to C{H_3} - \mathop C\limits_{\left| {} \right.} H - C{H_3} + B{r^ \bullet }\\\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,Br\end{array}\)

…..

- Giai đoạn tắt mạch phản ứng:

\(B{r^ \bullet } + {}^ \bullet Br \to Br - Br\)

\(C{H_3} - C{H_2} - \mathop C\limits^ \bullet {H_2} + B{r^ \bullet } \to C{H_3} - C{H_2} - C{H_2} - Br\)

\(\begin{array}{l}C{H_3} - \mathop C\limits^ \bullet H - C{H_3} + B{r^ \bullet } \to C{H_3} - \mathop C\limits_{\left| {} \right.} H - C{H_3}\\\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,Br\end{array}\)

\(C{H_3} - C{H_2} - \mathop C\limits^ \bullet {H_2} + \mathop C\limits^ \bullet {H_2} - C{H_2} - C{H_3} \to C{H_3} - C{H_2} - C{H_2} - C{H_2} - C{H_2} - C{H_3}\)

\[\begin{array}{l}C{H_3} - C{H_2} - \mathop C\limits^ \bullet {H_2} + C{H_3} - \mathop C\limits^ \bullet H - C{H_3} \to C{H_3} - C{H_2} - C{H_2} - \mathop C\limits_{\left| {} \right.} H - C{H_3}\\\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{H_3}\end{array}\]

\(\begin{array}{l}C{H_3} - \mathop C\limits^ \bullet H - C{H_3} + C{H_3} - \mathop C\limits^ \bullet H - C{H_3} \to C{H_3} - \mathop C\limits_{\left| {} \right.} H - \mathop C\limits_{\left| {} \right.} H - C{H_3}\\\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{H_3}\,\,\,\,\,C{H_3}\end{array}\)

* Dự đoán sản phẩm chính:

\[\begin{array}{l}C{H_3} - \mathop C\limits_{\left| {} \right.} H - C{H_3}\\\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,Br\\2{\rm{ }}--{\rm{ }}bromopropane\end{array}\]

Do trong phản ứng thế gốc vào nguyên tử carbon no của alkane, nguyên tử hydrogen liên kết với nguyên tử carbon bậc cao hơn sẽ dễ bị thế hơn do tạo gốc tự do bền hơn.