Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option to each of the questions that follow.

     Shanghai is the largest city in China and one of the largest cities in the world. It has a population of over 24 million people. In the past 20 years, it has developed into a global financial centre and a major transport hub.

     The city's rapid growth can be attributed to several factors. One of the main reasons is its location. Situated on the east coast of China, it has easy access to international markets. The city's deep-water port is one of the busiest in the world, which makes it an attractive destination for foreign investors and businesses.

     Another reason for the city's growth is its infrastructure. Over the past two decades, Shanghai has invested heavily in building new roads, bridges, and tunnels. There is now an extensive metro system, making it easy for people to travel around. It also has two international airports, which connect it to major cities around the world.

     In addition, the government has introduced a number of policies to encourage growth. For example, special economic zones where foreign companies can set up their operations were founded in the city. These are given tax breaks and other incentives. As a result, many multinational corporations have established their headquarters or regional offices in Shanghai.

     The city has also invested in education and research. It is home to some of the top universities in China, such as Fudan University and Jiao Tong University. These institutions attract students and researchers from all over the country. The city's research institutes and technology parks have helped to foster innovation and entrepreneurship.

     However, the rapid growth of Shanghai has also brought about some issues such as traffic congestion, pollution, and a shortage of affordable housing. The government has implemented measures to reduce air pollution, and it is also investing in public transport and affordable housing.

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