Complete the reading passage. Write ONE suitable word in each blank.

Dwellers who live in urban areas in developing countries have to co-exist with many environmental issues frequently. Typically, they are forced to get acquainted with noise (1) ___________ that stems from heavy traffic flow, industrial buildings as well as annoying sounds of daily activities in the neighbourhood. This can lead to serious hearing loss and negative effects on people’s mental (2) ___________. In addition, the poor sewage system and littering are the two major contributors to directly spoiling the citizens’ quality of life and urban landscapes. In the rainy season, it might be a disaster (3) ___________ city streets are full of rubbish and water waste after pouring rain. Besides, smoke and exhaust fumes released (4) ___________ dozens of vehicles and factories result in air pollution in crowded residential areas. Furthermore, big cities are associated with the origin of new types of pollution (5) ___________ as light pollution and visual pollution, harming residents’ fitness and well-being.

Typically, they are forced to get acquainted with noise (1) ___________ that stems from heavy traffic flow,