Metaphor: a figure of speech based on similarity (hidden comparison between the object/notion ............................................. denoted by the word and the object/notion in question). Metaphor gives freshness and vivacity to speech.

Phraseological unities are word-groups with a completely changed meaning, that is, the meaning of the unit does not correspond to the meanings of its constituent parts. They are ...................................... or, putting it another way, the meaning of the whole unit can be deduced from the meanings of the constituent parts.

Descripitive lexicology studies the words at a synchronic aspect. It is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as they exist at the …………………………….. time

It may be easily .............................................that the lexical meaning of the word "boy" and the lexical meaning of the root-morpheme "boy" in such words as "boyhood", "boyish" and others are very much the same

Lexicography, the science of dictionary-compiling, is closely connected with lexicology, both dealing with the same problems — the form, meaning, usage and origin of vocabulary units — and making ...................... of each other’s achievements.

Motivation denotes the relationship between ...................................................... and structural pattern of the word on the one hand, and its meaning on the other. Motivation can be of three types: morphological, phonetical and semantic.

Some English words can change their word class ........................................................ their form. Thus, they can function as nouns (e.g. a mother) or as verbs (to mother somebody) without any affixes or inflections. Such change of a word class without any derivative means is called conversion.