Cho hai vectơ \(\overrightarrow a \) và \(\overrightarrow b \) cùng hướng và \(\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right| = 8,\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right| = 5\). Tính \(\overrightarrow a \cdot \overrightarrow b \).

Ta có \(\overrightarrow {AM} = \overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {BM} = \overrightarrow {AB} + k\overrightarrow {BC} = \overrightarrow {AB} + k\overrightarrow {AC} - k\overrightarrow {AB} \)\( = k\overrightarrow {AC} + \left( {1 - k} \right)\overrightarrow {AB} \).

\(\overrightarrow {PN} = \overrightarrow {AN} - \overrightarrow {AP} = \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {AC} - \frac{4}{{15}}\overrightarrow {AB} \).

Để \(AM \bot PN\) thì \(\overrightarrow {AM} \cdot \overrightarrow {PN} = 0\)\( \Leftrightarrow \left( {k\overrightarrow {AC} + \left( {1 - k} \right)\overrightarrow {AB} } \right)\left( {\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {AC} - \frac{4}{{15}}\overrightarrow {AB} } \right) = 0\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \frac{k}{3}{\overrightarrow {AC} ^2} - \frac{{4k}}{{15}}\overrightarrow {AC} \cdot \overrightarrow {AB} + \frac{{1 - k}}{3} \cdot \overrightarrow {AB} \cdot \overrightarrow {AC} - \frac{{4\left( {1 - k} \right)}}{{15}}{\overrightarrow {AB} ^2} = 0\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\frac{k}{3} - \frac{{4\left( {1 - k} \right)}}{{15}}} \right]{\overrightarrow {AC} ^2} + \left( {\frac{{1 - k}}{3} - \frac{{4k}}{{15}}} \right)\left| {\overrightarrow {AC} } \right| \cdot \left| {\overrightarrow {AB} } \right| \cdot \cos 60^\circ = 0\)\( \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\frac{k}{3} - \frac{{4\left( {1 - k} \right)}}{{15}}} \right]{\overrightarrow {AC} ^2} + \left( {\frac{{1 - k}}{6} - \frac{{4k}}{{30}}} \right){\left| {\overrightarrow {AC} } \right|^2} = 0\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \left( {\frac{k}{3} - \frac{{4\left( {1 - k} \right)}}{{15}} + \frac{{1 - k}}{6} - \frac{{4k}}{{30}}} \right){\left| {\overrightarrow {AC} } \right|^2} = 0\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \frac{k}{3} - \frac{{4\left( {1 - k} \right)}}{{15}} + \frac{{1 - k}}{6} - \frac{{4k}}{{30}} = 0\)\( \Leftrightarrow \frac{{3k}}{{10}} = \frac{1}{{10}}\)\( \Leftrightarrow k = \frac{1}{3}\).

Suy ra \(a = 1;b = 3\). Do đó \(2a + b = 5\).

Theo đề ta có hệ phương trình \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}{a^2} + {b^2} = {\left( {8 - a} \right)^2} + {\left( {4 - b} \right)^2}\\{a^2} + {b^2} = {\left( {7 - a} \right)^2} + {\left( {7 - b} \right)^2}\end{array} \right.\)\( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}16a + 8b = 80\\14a + 14b = 98\end{array} \right.\)\( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}a = 3\\b = 4\end{array} \right.\).

Khi đó \(a + b = 7\).