Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.

A leading question among anthropologists is: what exactly led to the development of human cities? Basically, modern humans have existed on earth for over 100,000 years. Yet it is only in the last 8,000 years that they have begun to gather in significant numbers and form cities. Prior to that period, humans existed in small family or tribal groups, generally consisting of fewer than 100 individuals. What, then, led humans to make the dramatic shift from living in small groups to living in large, organized cities? It seems that the development of cities required a particular set of circumstances.

First, it required a minimum population density. For much of their early history, humans existed only in small numbers. This is due to the fact that early humans relied on hunting and gathering wild foods for their survival. Even the most fertile land would only support a relatively small number of predators, so it was not until humans began to practice agriculture that they were able to gather in large enough numbers to form cities.

Furthermore, the development of a city could only be possible if a large number of people shared a common language, culture and religion. Without such unifying factors, a cooperative, peaceful existence among large numbers of people would have been impossible.

Finally, it seems that early humans needed to be faced with a large problem, which one small group of individuals could not solve on its own. Only when large-scale cooperation was needed to overcome a problem would humans come together to form cities

The word "they" in paragraph 2 refers to ______. 

It wasn't obligatory to submit my assignment today

Olga was about to say something about the end of the movie. He was stopped by his friends right then

Her eyes are red and puffy ______ she has been crying a lot

Read the following passage and mark the letter Ay B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29.

Why do some people take revenge on others? Why aren’t we able to sort out our problems without seeking to get (25)______ with those who have hurt us? Apparently, we are (26)______ experiencing a deeply rooted part of human nature. Our desire for revenge comes from the brain’s limbic system, the most primitive part of the brain and one that we share with all animals. (27)______, when someone confronts us, we often prefer attacking verbally or physically rather than try to work out a solution together.

However, unlike animals, we also possess a highly evolved cerebral cortex which allows us to plan and analyse – and this can make revenge more than just a(n) (28) ______ reaction. A person who feels they have been wronged may even enjoy planning a creative and appropriate act of revenge. Some people suggest that taking revenge can be seen as a positive move, allowing you to work through your negative emotions. However, it can also be dangerous, and you may risk finding yourself in a situation (29)______ rapidly gets out of hand

Điền ô 29

Bodies of ______ dead in the tragic accident yesterday were taken away

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

Various programs have been designed in order to facilitate the storage and analysis of research data

A scientific principle has a life expectancy of approximately a decade before it drastically revised or replaced by newer information