Why has the size of families in the US reduced?

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Family life is changing. Two-parent households are on the decline in the United States as divorce, remarriage and cohabitation are on the rise. And families are smaller now, both due to the growth of single-parent households and the drop in fertility. Not only are Americans having fewer children, but the circumstances surrounding parenthood have changed. While in the early 1960s babies typically arrived within a marriage, today fully four-in-ten births occur to women who are single or living with a non-marital partner. At the same time that family structures have transformed, so has the role of mothers in the workplace – and in the home. As more moms have entered the labor force, more have become breadwinners – in many cases, primary breadwinners – in their families.

As a result of these changes, there is no longer one dominant family form in the US. Parents today are raising their children against a backdrop of increasingly diverse and, for many, constantly evolving family forms.

Read the following passage and choose the option (A, B, C or D) to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Most of the people (1) _________ like films are only interested in the leading actor or actress when they enjoy a film. It seems to them that only the actors or actresses have made the film successful. They always pay attention to their appearance, performance, and fashion. There are many films (2) _________ who have no awareness of the other people’s work to make a film. A finished film is, actually, the result of the collaboration of many people, and the most important among (3)_________ are the scriptwriter, the cinematographer, the film editor, the actor, and the director. Especially, in some thrilling scenes, the roles of stuntmen are very important. They are always in (4)_________ when they are acting; some of them are even badly hurt or dead. But what a pity, many viewers rarely appreciate their work.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

We owe the invention of paper to the Egyptian papyrus or the Egyptian paper. The Egyptians made paper from the papyrus plant (Cyperus papyrus) that was commonly found along the banks of river Nile. The pith of the plant was taken out and cut into long strips. These strips were placed diagonally over each other, and for better binding, were placed under a weight for a couple of days. The quality of papyrus paper is evident from the fact that they are still intact about 5000 years after they were written on.

Historical sources tell us that the ancient Egyptians were very secretive about the manufacturing technique of their papyrus. This was because papyrus was one of the main commodities that was exported by Egypt all over the region. Keeping its manufacturing process a secret enabled them to achieve monopoly in the market.