………….. refers to an item that the firm holds with a very large amount of quantity at the same time there is no demand for it.

high fixed cost to user

lack of safety regulation

lack of locational flexibility

lack of control by the user

Break bulk function

Operational function

Stockpiling function

Consolidation function

trooper

soldiery

travelling

army

Materials management

Physical distribution

Inbound logistics

Supply chain management

equal

lower

not different

higher

railroads

airlines

pipelines

motor carriers

Basing on featured characteristics of product, the firm will select the suitable method to store product.

Select the carrier who can provide lower freight for the firm

Estimate product demand in the future

Use appropriate equipment to load/unload the products