A surprising number of popular spectator sports, for example football or baseball, started in Europe or the USA in the nineteenth century. (631) ____________. It was the result of changes in (632) _____________. Until then, more people lived in the country than in towns. They worked in small groups and had no regular time off. All this changed with the growth of factories and industry in the nineteenth century, first in Europe and then in the USA. For the first time, most people began to live in towns, and they found themselves with regular free time. They had more (633) __________ time than ever before. This resulted in the need for organized entertainment. Suitable games developed or were invented, typically team games, in which the crowd could take sides and become (634) _____________. This gave people some of the entertainment they need in their free time. The recent explosion in TV, with the introduction of satellite and cable channels, has caused an increase in demands for sports as entertainment. The money TV has brought to games such as football, tennis and baseball means that (635) ___________sports will certainly go on playing an important part in our lives.

A surprising number of popular spectator sports, for example football or baseball, started in Europe or the USA in the nineteenth century. (631) ____________.

Đáp án đúng là A

Phương pháp giải

Giải bất phương trình logarit.

Lời giải

\({\rm{lo}}{{\rm{g}}_3}\left( {x + {y^2} + 3y} \right) + 2{\rm{lo}}{{\rm{g}}_2}\left( {x + {y^2}} \right) \le {\rm{lo}}{{\rm{g}}_3}y + 2{\rm{lo}}{{\rm{g}}_2}\left( {x + {y^2} + 6y} \right)\)

\( \Leftrightarrow {\rm{lo}}{{\rm{g}}_3}\left( {x + {y^2} + 3y} \right) - {\rm{lo}}{{\rm{g}}_3}y \le 2{\rm{lo}}{{\rm{g}}_2}\left( {x + {y^2} + 6y} \right) - 2{\rm{lo}}{{\rm{g}}_2}\left( {x + {y^2}} \right)\)

\( \Leftrightarrow {\rm{lo}}{{\rm{g}}_3}\left( {\frac{{x + {y^2}}}{y} + 3} \right) \le 2{\rm{lo}}{{\rm{g}}_2}\left( {1 + \frac{{6y}}{{x + {y^2}}}} \right) \Leftrightarrow {\rm{lo}}{{\rm{g}}_3}\left( {\frac{{x + {y^2}}}{y} + 3} \right) - 2{\rm{lo}}{{\rm{g}}_2}\left( {1 + \frac{{6y}}{{x + {y^2}}}} \right) \le 0\)

Ta đặt \(t = \frac{{x + {y^2}}}{y},t > 0\)

Khi đó bất phương trình trờ thành \({\rm{lo}}{{\rm{g}}_3}\left( {3 + t} \right) - 2{\rm{lo}}{{\rm{g}}_2}\left( {1 + \frac{6}{t}} \right) \le 0\) (1)

Xét hàm số \(f\left( t \right) = {\rm{lo}}{{\rm{g}}_3}\left( {3 + t} \right) - 2{\rm{lo}}{{\rm{g}}_2}\left( {1 + \frac{6}{t}} \right)\).

Suy ra \(f'\left( t \right) = \frac{1}{{\left( {3 + t} \right){\rm{ln}}3}} + \frac{{12}}{{\left( {{t^2} + 6t} \right){\rm{ln}}2}} > 0,\forall t > 0\). Vậy hàm số đồng biến trên khoảng \(\left( {0; + \infty } \right)\)

Ta có: \(f\left( 6 \right) = {\rm{lo}}{{\rm{g}}_3}9 - 2{\rm{lo}}{{\rm{g}}_2}2 = 0\). Suy ra

\(f\left( t \right) \le f\left( 6 \right) \Leftrightarrow t \le 6 \Leftrightarrow \frac{{x + {y^2}}}{y} \le 6 \Leftrightarrow x + {(y - 3)^2} \le 9\)

Ta đếm các cặp giá trị nguyên dương của \(\left( {x;y} \right)\)

Ta có \({(y - 3)^2} < 9 \Leftrightarrow 0 < y < 6 \Rightarrow y \in \left\{ {1;2;3;4;5} \right\}\)

Ÿ Với \(y = 1;y = 5 \Rightarrow x \le 5 \Rightarrow x \in \left\{ {1;2;3;4;5} \right\}\) suy ra có 10 cặp thỏa mãn.

Ÿ Với \(y = 2;y = 4 \Rightarrow x \le 8 \Rightarrow x \in \left\{ {1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8} \right\}\) suy ra có 16 cặp thỏa mãn.

Ÿ Với \(y = 3 \Rightarrow x \le 9 \Rightarrow x \in \left\{ {1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9} \right\}\) suy ra có 9 cặp thỏa mãn.

Vậy có tất cả 35 cặp giá trị nguyên dương thỏa mãn.

Đáp án đúng là D

Phương pháp giải

Đọc lý thuyết đọc lý thuyết về ứng dụng di truyền - kĩ thuật chuyển gene.

Lời giải

Trình tự các bước tạo DNA tái tổ hợp là: Tách DNA → cắt và nối tạo DNA tái tổ hợp → đưa DNA tái tổ hợp vào tế bào nhận.