Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 3 to 9.
        Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.
        There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.
        When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.
        Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.

According to the passage, how do memories get transferred to the STM?

A. They revert from the long term memory

B. They get chunked when they enter the brain

C. They enter via the nervous system

D. They are filtered from the sensory storage area

Xem lời giải

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Trả lời:

Giải bởi Vietjack

Chọn D

Theo đoạn văn, kí ức được chuyển sang STM như thế nào?

A. Nó chuyển từ kí ức dài hạn.

B. Nó di chuyển thành tảng lớn khi vào não.

C. Nó không bao giờ đi qua hệ thần kinh.

D. Nó được lọc từ vùng lưu trữ giác quan.

Dẫn chứng: “Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area.”

Tạm dịch: “Thông tin di chuyển tới vùng kí ức ngắn hạn (STM) phải đi qua vùng lưu trữ giác quan.

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CÂU HỎI HOT CÙNG CHỦ ĐỀ

Câu 1

Sara bought in a lot of business last month; she should ask for a pay rise while she’s still on a _____.

A. roam

B. roll

C. rush

D. run

Lời giải

Chọn B

A. roam (v): đi dạo chơi

B. roll (v): cuộn vòng

C. rush (v): vội vã

D. run (v): chạy

Tạm dịch: Sara ôm đồm một đống việc tháng trước, cô ấy đáng lẽ nên đề nghị tăng lương khi mà cô ấy vẫn đang bận bịu thế này.

Câu 2

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions from 48 to 50.

After the members of the committee had had lunch, they discussed the problem.

A. Having been served lunch, a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee

B. Having been served lunch, the problem was discussed by the members of the committee

C. Having been served lunch, the committee members discussed the problem

D. Having been served lunch, it was discussed by the committee members of the problem

Lời giải

Đáp án: C

Giải thích:

Câu gốc "After the members of the committee had had lunch, they discussed the problem" cho thấy hành động "ăn trưa" xảy ra trước khi hành động "thảo luận vấn đề". Để giữ đúng nghĩa và cấu trúc câu, ta sử dụng "Having been served lunch" (tức là "sau khi ăn trưa") và chủ ngữ phải là "the committee members", vì vậy đáp án C là đúng.

A. "Having been served lunch, a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee." - Câu này bị động và không tự nhiên, vì "a discussion of the problem" không phù hợp với ngữ cảnh.

B. "Having been served lunch, the problem was discussed by the members of the committee." - Câu này cũng bị động và không thích hợp với cấu trúc câu yêu cầu chủ động.

D. "Having been served lunch, it was discussed by the committee members of the problem." - Câu này không rõ ràng, và cách sử dụng "it" không hợp lý.

Dịch: Sau khi các thành viên trong ủy ban ăn trưa, họ đã thảo luận về vấn đề.

Câu 3