Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

     Do you feel like your teenager is spending most of the day glued to a phone screen? You're not too far off. A new survey from the Pew Research Center reveals the surprising ways that technology intersects with teen friendships - and the results show that 57 percent of teens have made at least one new friend online.  Even more surprisingly, only 20 percent of those digital friends ever meet in person. While teens do connect with their friends face-to-face outside of school, they spend 55 percent of their day texting with friends, and only 25 percent of teens are spending actual time with their friends on a daily basis. These new forms of communication are key in maintaining friendships day-to-day - 27 percent of teens instant message their friends every day, 23 percent connect through social media every day, and 7 percent even video chat daily. Text messaging remains the main form of communication - almost half of the survey respondents say it's their chosen method of communication with their closest friend. 

     While girls are more likely to text with their close friends, boys are meeting new friends and maintaining friendships) in the gaming world - 89 percent play with friends they know, and 54 percent play with online only friends. Whether they're close with their teammates or not, online gamers say that playing makes them feel "more connected" to friends they know or gamers they've never met. 

     When making new friends, social media has also become a major part of the teenage identity - 62 percent of teens are quick to share their social media usernames when connecting with a new friend. Despite the negative consequences, 21 percent of teenage users feel worse about their lives because of posts they see on social media - teens also have found support and connection through various platforms. In fact, 68 percent of teens received support during a challenging time in their lives via social media platforms 

     Just as technology has become a gateway for new friendships, or a channel to stay connected with current friends, it can also make a friendship breakup more public. The study reveals that girls are more likely to block or unfriend former allies, and 68 percent of all teenage users report experiencing "drama among their friends on social media." 

Which of the following is NOT true, according to paragraph 1? 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30. 

     Culture refers to the customs, practices, languages, values, and world views that define social groups such as those based on nationality, ethnicity, region, or common interests. Cultural identity is important for people's (26) _________ of self and how they relate to others. A strong cultural identity can contribute to people's overall well-being. 

     Cultural identity based on ethnicity is not necessarily exclusive. People may identify themselves as New Zealanders in some circumstances and as part of a particular culture (e.g. Māori, Chinese or Scottish) in (27) _________ circumstances. They may also identify with more than one culture. 

     Cultural identity is an important contributor to people's well-being. Identifying with a particular culture helps people feel they belong and gives them a sense of security. An established cultural identity has also been linked with positive outcomes in areas such as health and education. It provides access to social networks, (28) _________ provide support and shared values and aspirations. 

          (29) _________, strong cultural identity expressed in the wrong way can contribute to barriers between groups. Members of smaller cultural groups can feel (30) _________ from society if others obstruct, or are intolerant of their cultural practices

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35. 

     One way of training for your future occupation in Germany is by pursuing a dual vocational training programme. Such programmes offer plenty of opportunities for on-the-job training and work experience. Programmes usually last between two and three and a half years and comprise theoretical as well as practical elements. You will spend one or two days a week, or several weeks at once, at a vocational school where you will acquire the theoretical knowledge that you will need in your future occupation. The rest of the time will be spent at a company. There you get to apply your newly acquired knowledge in practice, for example by learning to operate machinery. You will get to know what your company does, learn how it operates and find out if you can see yourself working there after completing your training. 

     This combination of theory and practice gives you a real head start into your job: by the time you have completed your training, you will not only have the required technical knowledge, but you will also have hands-on experience in your job. There are around 350 officially recognised training programmes in Germany, so chances are good that one of them will suit your interests and talents. You can find out which one that might be by visiting one of the jobs and vocational training fairs which are organised in many German cities at different times in the year. 

          Employment prospects for students who have completed a dual vocational training programme are very good. This is one of the reasons why this kind of training is very popular with young Germans: around two thirds of all students leaving school go on to start a vocational training programme

The word "it" in the first paragraph refers to ________. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

I've got a promotion at work, but all John did was make a joke about it. He has a real chip on his _________. I think he is just jealous. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Brian lost so much money as he didn't know how to _________ his business

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35. 

     One way of training for your future occupation in Germany is by pursuing a dual vocational training programme. Such programmes offer plenty of opportunities for on-the-job training and work experience. Programmes usually last between two and three and a half years and comprise theoretical as well as practical elements. You will spend one or two days a week, or several weeks at once, at a vocational school where you will acquire the theoretical knowledge that you will need in your future occupation. The rest of the time will be spent at a company. There you get to apply your newly acquired knowledge in practice, for example by learning to operate machinery. You will get to know what your company does, learn how it operates and find out if you can see yourself working there after completing your training. 

     This combination of theory and practice gives you a real head start into your job: by the time you have completed your training, you will not only have the required technical knowledge, but you will also have hands-on experience in your job. There are around 350 officially recognised training programmes in Germany, so chances are good that one of them will suit your interests and talents. You can find out which one that might be by visiting one of the jobs and vocational training fairs which are organised in many German cities at different times in the year. 

          Employment prospects for students who have completed a dual vocational training programme are very good. This is one of the reasons why this kind of training is very popular with young Germans: around two thirds of all students leaving school go on to start a vocational training programme

The word "hands-on" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions

She didn't revise her lesson yesterday. That's why she can't finish the test today