Câu hỏi:

07/05/2022 1,041

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The emergence of modern humans are explained on the foundation of two main hypotheses. The "Out of Africa" theory holds that homo sapiens burst onto the scene as a new species around 150,000 to 200,000 years ago in Africa and subsequently replaced archaic humans such as the Neanderthals. The other model, known as multi-regional evolution or regional continuity, posits far more ancient and diverse roots for our kind. Proponents of this view believe that homo sapiens arose in Africa some 2 million years ago and evolved as a single species spreading across the Old World, with populations in different regions linked through genetic and cultural exchange.

Of these two models, Out of Africa, which was originally developed based on fossil evidence, and supported by much genetic research, has been favored by the majority of evolution scholars. The vast majority of these genetic studies have focused on DNA from living populations, and although some small progress has been made in recovering DNA from Neanderthal that appears to support multi-regionalism, the chance of recovering nuclear DNA from early human fossils is quite slim at present. Fossils thus remain very much a part of the human origins debate.

Another means of gathering theoretical evidence is through bones. Examinations of early modern human skulls from Central Europe and Australia dated to between 20,000 and 30,000 years old have suggested that both groups apparently exhibit traits seen in their Middle Eastern and African predecessors. But the early modern specimens from Central Europe also display Neanderthal traits, and the early modern Australians showed affinities to archaic Homo from Indonesia. Meanwhile, the debate among paleoanthropologists continues, as supporters of the two hypotheses challenge the evidence and conclusions of each other.

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _________

A. DNA studies offer one of the best ways in future to provide clear evidence.

B. three methods of gathering evidence are mentioned in the passage.

C. the multi-regional model goes back further in history.

D. the Out of Africa model has had more support from scholars.

Xem lời giải

Câu hỏi trong đề: Bộ 35 đề thi minh họa Tiếng Anh có đáp án chi tiết năm 2022 !!

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Trả lời:

Giải bởi Vietjack

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Tất cả các câu sau đều đúng NGOẠI TRỪ _______

A. Các nghiên cứu về DNA đưa ra một trong những cách tốt nhất trong tương lai để cung cấp bằng chứng rõ ràng.

B. ba phương pháp thu thập bằng chứng được đề cập trong đoạn văn.

C. mô hình đa khu vực đã lùi xa vào trong lịch sử.

D. mô hình “Từ châu Phi mà ra” đã nhận được nhiều sự ủng hộ hơn từ các học giả.

Thông tin: the chance of recovering nuclear DNA from early human fossils is quite slim at present.

Tạm dịch: xác suất khôi phục DNA từ các hóa thạch ban đầu của con người là khá ít tại thời hiện tại.

Chọn A.

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CÂU HỎI HOT CÙNG CHỦ ĐỀ

Câu 1

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

      Many of the major supermarket chains have come under fire with accusations of various unethical acts over the past decade. They've wasted tons of food, they've underpaid their suppliers and they've contributed to excessive plastic waste in their packaging, which has had its impact on our environment.

      But supermarkets and grocers are starting to sit up and take notice. In response to growing consumer backlash against the huge amounts of plastic waste generated by plastic packaging, some of the largest UK supermarkets have signed up to a pact promising to transform packaging and cut plastic wastage. In a pledge to reuse, recycle or compost all plastic wastage by 2025, supermarkets are now beginning to take some responsibility for the part they play in contributing to the damage to our environment with one major supermarket announcing their plan to eliminate all plastic packaging in their own-brand products by 2023.

      In response to criticisms over food waste, some supermarkets are donating some of their food surplus. However, charities estimate that they are only accessing two per cent of supermarkets' total food surplus, so this hardly seems to be solving the problem. Some say that supermarkets are simply not doing enough. Most supermarkets operate under a veil of secrecy when asked for exact figures of food wastage, and without more transparency it is hard to come up with a systematic approach to avoiding waste and to redistributing surplus food.

      Some smaller companies are now taking matters into their own hands and offering consumers a greener, more environmentally friendly option. Shops like Berlin's Original Unverpakt and London's Bulk Market are plastic- tree shops that have opened in recent years, encouraging customers to use their own containers or compostable bags. Online grocer Farmdrop eliminates the need for large warehouses and the risk of huge food surplus by delivering fresh produce from local farmers to its customers on a daily basis via electric cars, offering farmers the lion's share of the retail price.

      There is no doubt that we still have a long way to go in reducing food waste and plastic waste. But perhaps the major supermarkets might take inspiration from these smaller grocers and gradually move towards a more sustainable future for us all.

(Adapted from https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org)

Which is the most suitable title for the passage?

A. Major Supermarket Chains

B. Grocers vs. Supermarkets

C. Sustainable Supermarkets

D. Friendly Supermarkets

Lời giải

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Tiêu đề nào phù hợp nhất cho bài đọc?

A. Chuỗi siêu thị lớn B. Cửa hàng tạp hóa so với Siêu thị

C. Siêu thị bền vững D. Siêu thị thân thiện

Thông tin: There is no doubt that we still have a long way to go in reducing food waste and plastic waste. But perhaps the major supermarkets might take inspiration from these smaller grocers and gradually move towards a more sustainable future for us all.

Tạm dịch: Không còn nghi ngờ gì nữa, chúng ta vẫn còn một chặng đường dài để giảm thiểu rác thải thực phẩm và rác thải nhựa. Nhưng có lẽ các siêu thị lớn có thể lấy cảm hứng từ những cửa hàng tạp hóa nhỏ hơn này và dần dần hướng tới một tương lai bền vững hơn cho tất cả chúng ta.

Chọn C.

Câu 2

According to paragraph 2, more and more people want supermarkets to _______.

A. compost all plastic wastage

B. donate some of their food surplus

C. reduce their plastic waste

D. lower their prices for local farmers

Lời giải

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Theo đoạn 2, ngày càng nhiều người muốn các siêu thị _______.

A. làm phân ủ tất cả rác thải nhựa B. quyên góp một số thực phẩm dư thừa của họ

C. giảm chất thải nhựa của họ D. giảm giá cho nông dân địa phương

Thông tin: In response to growing consumer backlash against the huge amounts of plastic waste generated by plastic packaging, some of the largest UK supermarkets have signed up to a pact promising to transform packaging and cut plastic wastage.

Tạm dịch: Để xử lý phản ứng dữ dội ngày càng tăng của người tiêu dùng đối với lượng rác thải nhựa khổng lồ do bao bì nhựa tạo ra, một số siêu thị lớn nhất ở Anh đã ký kết một hiệp ước hứa sẽ thay đổi bao bì và cắt giảm sự lãng phí nhựa.

Chọn C.

Câu 3