Làm tính nhân:

a) (x² – xy + 1)(xy + 3);

Ta có x(x² – y) – x²(x + y) + xy(x – 1)

= x . x² – x . y – x² . x – x² . y + xy . x – xy . 1

= x³ – xy – x³ – x²y + x²y – xy

= (x³ – x³) + (x²y – x²y) – (xy + xy) = –2xy.

Ta có:

• (2x + y)(2x² + xy – y²)

= 2x . 2x² + 2x . xy – 2x . y² + y . 2x² + y . xy – y . y²

= 4x³ + 2x²y – 2xy² + 2x²y + xy² – y³

= 4x³ + (2x²y + 2x²y) + (xy² – 2xy²) – y³

= 4x³ + 4x²y – xy² – y³.

• (2x – y)(2x² + 3xy + y²)

= 2x . 2x² + 2x . 3xy + 2x . y² – y . 2x² – y . 3xy – y . y²

= 4x³ + 6x²y + 2xy² – 2x²y – 3xy² – y³

= 4x³ + (6x²y – 2x²y) + (2xy² – 3xy²) – y³

= 4x³ + 4x²y – xy² – y³.

Do đó (2x + y)(2x² + xy – y²) = (2x – y)(2x² + 3xy + y²) = 4x³ + 4x²y – xy² – y³.

Vậy (2x + y)(2x² + xy – y²) = (2x – y)(2x² + 3xy + y²).