Cho \(\frac{x}{a} + \frac{y}{b} + \frac{z}{c} = 1\) và \(\frac{a}{x} + \frac{b}{y} + \frac{c}{z} = 0\). Chứng minh rằng: \(\frac{{{x^2}}}{{{a^2}}} + \frac{{{y^2}}}{{{b^2}}} + \frac{{{z^2}}}{{{c^2}}} = 1\).

Vì α là góc tù nên \(\sin \alpha = \sqrt {1 - {{\cos }^2}\alpha } \).

Do đó, sin α – cos α = \(\frac{4}{5}\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \sqrt {1 - {{\cos }^2}\alpha } - \cos \alpha = \frac{4}{5}\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \sqrt {1 - {{\cos }^2}\alpha } = \cos \alpha + \frac{4}{5} \Leftrightarrow \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{1 - {{\cos }^2}\alpha = {{\left( {\cos \alpha + \frac{4}{5}} \right)}^2}}\\{\cos \alpha \ge - \frac{4}{5}}\end{array}} \right.\)\( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{50{{\cos }^2}\alpha + 40\cos \alpha - 9 = 0}\\{\cos \alpha \ge - \frac{4}{5}}\end{array}} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\cos \alpha = \frac{{ - 4 + \sqrt {34} }}{{10}}}\\{\cos \alpha = \frac{{ - 4 - \sqrt {34} }}{{10}}}\end{array}} \right.}\\{\cos \alpha \ge - \frac{4}{5}}\end{array}} \right. \Leftrightarrow \cos \alpha = - \frac{{4 + \sqrt {34} }}{{10}}\) (do α tù)

⇒ m = sin α – 2cos α = (sin α – cos α) – cos α = \(\frac{4}{5} + \frac{{4 + \sqrt {34} }}{{10}} = \frac{{12 + \sqrt {34} }}{{10}}\).