Read the following passage and mark the letters A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The rapid transcontinentat settlement and these new urban industrial circumstances of the last half of the 19th century were accompanied by the development of national literature of great abundance and variety. New themes, new forms, new subjects, new regions, new authors, new audiences all emerged in the literature of this half century.

As a result, at the onset of World War I, the spirit and substance of American literature had evolved remarkably, just as its center of production had shifted from Boston to New York in the late 1880s and the sources of its energy to Chicago and the Midwest. No longer was it produced, at least in its popular forms, in the main by solemn, typically moralistic men from New England and the Old South; no longer were polite, well-dressed, grammatically correct, middle-class young people the only central characters in its narratives; no longer were these narratives to be set in exotic places and remote times; no longer, indeed, were fiction, poetry, drama, and formal history the chief acceptable forms of literary expression; no longer, finally, was literature read primarily by young, middle class women.

In sum, American literature in these years fulfilled in considerable measure the condition Walt Whitman called for in 1867 in describing Leaves of Grass: it treats, he said of his own major work, each state and region as peers "andexpands from them, and includes the world ... connecting an American citizen with the citizens of all nations."

The main idea of this passage is________.

Chọn đáp án B

Câu đầu tiên của bài đọc là: The rapid transcontinentat settlement and these new urban industrial circumstances of the last half of the 19th century were accompanied by the development of national literature of great abundance and variety.

Chọn đáp án D

“evolved” ∼ changed: thay đổi, tiến triển

As a result, at the onset of World War I, the spirit and substance of American literature had evolved remarkably. (Kết quả là, vào lúc bắt đầu của Thế chiến I, tinh thần và vật chất của văn học Mỹ đã phát triển đáng kể)

Chọn đáp án C

“it” được thay thế cho American literature trong câu trước: As a result, at the onset of World War I, the spirit and substance of American literature had evolved remarkably

Chọn đáp án B

“exotic" ∼ unusual: kỳ lạ, khác thường

Chọn đáp án A

Tác giả sử dụng “indeed” để To emphasize the contrast he is making. (Để nhấn mạnh sự tương phản ông đang làm.)

No longer was it produced, at least in its popular forms;…; no longer, indeed, were fiction, poetry, drama, and formal history the chief acceptable forms of literary expression.

Nó không còn được sản xuất, ít nhất là trong các hình thức phổ biến của nó;…; thực sự, tiểu thuyết, thơ, kịch, và lịch sử chính thống không còn được chấp nhận là các hình thức chính của biểu đạt văn chương

Chọn đáp án A

The rapid transcontinentat settlement and these new urban industrial circumstances of the last half of the 19th century were accompanied by the development of national literature of great abundance and variety. New themes, new forms, new subjects, new regions, new authors, new audiences all emerged in the literature of this half century.

“these years” ở đây chính là đề cập đến the last half of the 19th century (nửa cuối thế kỉ 19) ⇒ từ năm 1850-1900

Chọn đáp án C

Thông tin ở câu đầu đoạn cuối: In sum, American literature in these years fulfilled in considerable measure the condition Walt Whitman called for in 1867 in describing Leaves of Grass

Tóm lại, văn học Mỹ trong những năm này đã đáp ứng, xét theo một tiêu chuẩn thích hợp, được điều kiện mà Walt Whitman yêu cầu vào năm 1867 khi mô tả tác phẩm Leaves of Grass ⇒ Walt Whitman đã viết Leaves of Grass.