II. PHẦN TỰ LUẬN

1. Thực hiện phép tính (tính nhanh nếu có thể):

a) \[\frac{9}{4}:\frac{{ - 3}}{{10}}\];                                                    b) \[\frac{{ - 5}}{3}.\frac{{11}}{{25}} + \frac{{ - 5}}{3}.\frac{{14}}{{25}}\].

2. Tìm \[x\]:

a) \[\frac{{ - 1}}{2}:x = \frac{1}{3}\];                                         b) \[\frac{2}{3}x + \frac{1}{2} = \frac{3}{4}\].

Ta có: \[S = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{{{2^2}}} + \frac{1}{{{2^3}}} + ... + \frac{1}{{{2^{2022}}}}\].

Suy ra \[2S = 2\,\,.\,\,\left( {\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{{{2^2}}} + \frac{1}{{{2^3}}} + ... + \frac{1}{{{2^{2022}}}}} \right)\]

\[ = \frac{2}{2} + \frac{2}{{{2^2}}} + \frac{2}{{{2^3}}} + ... + \frac{2}{{{2^{2022}}}}\]\[ = 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{{{2^2}}} + ... + \frac{1}{{{2^{2021}}}}\].

Ta có \[S = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{{{2^2}}} + \frac{1}{{{2^3}}} + ... + \frac{1}{{{2^{2022}}}}\] và \[2S = 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{{{2^2}}} + ... + \frac{1}{{{2^{2021}}}}\].

Suy ra \(2S - S = \left( {1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{{{2^2}}} + ... + \frac{1}{{{2^{2021}}}}} \right) - \left( {\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{{{2^2}}} + \frac{1}{{{2^3}}} + ... + \frac{1}{{{2^{2022}}}}} \right)\) .

Hay \(S = 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{{{2^2}}} + ... + \frac{1}{{{2^{2021}}}} - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{{{2^2}}} - \frac{1}{{{2^3}}} - ... - \frac{1}{{{2^{2022}}}}\)

\( = 1 + \left( {\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2}} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{{{2^2}}} - \frac{1}{{{2^2}}}} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{{{2^3}}} - \frac{1}{{{2^3}}}} \right) + ... + \left( {\frac{1}{{{2^{2021}}}} - \frac{1}{{{2^{2021}}}}} \right) - \frac{1}{{{2^{2022}}}}\)

\( = 1 - \frac{1}{{{2^{2022}}}} = \frac{{{2^{2022}} - 1}}{{{2^{2022}}}}\).

Mà \[{2^{2022}}--1 < {2^{2022}}\] nên  \[\frac{{{2^{2022}} - 1}}{{{2^{2022}}}} < 1\];

Vậy \[S = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{{{2^2}}} + \frac{1}{{{2^3}}} + ... + \frac{1}{{{2^{2022}}}} < 1\].