Cho hai biểu thức:

\(A = \frac{1}{{1 \cdot 2}} + \frac{1}{{3 \cdot 4}} + ... + \frac{1}{{999 \cdot 1\,\,000}}\) và \(B = \frac{1}{{501 \cdot 1\,\,000}} + \frac{1}{{502 \cdot 999}} + ... + \frac{1}{{999 \cdot 502}} + \frac{1}{{1\,\,000 \cdot 501}}.\)

Tính \(\frac{A}{B}.\)

Hướng dẫn giải

 Ta có:

\(A = \frac{1}{{1 \cdot 2}} + \frac{1}{{3 \cdot 4}} + ... + \frac{1}{{999 \cdot 1\,\,000}}\)

\[ = \frac{1}{1} - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} - \frac{1}{6} + ... + \frac{1}{{997}} - \frac{1}{{998}} + \frac{1}{{999}} - \frac{1}{{1\,\,000}}\]

\[ = \frac{1}{1} + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} + ... + \frac{1}{{997}} + \frac{1}{{998}} + \frac{1}{{999}} + \frac{1}{{1\,\,000}} - 2 \cdot \left( {\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{6} + ... + \frac{1}{{998}} + \frac{1}{{1\,\,000}}} \right)\]

\[ = \frac{1}{1} + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} + ... + \frac{1}{{997}} + \frac{1}{{998}} + \frac{1}{{999}} + \frac{1}{{1\,\,000}} - \frac{1}{1} - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3} - ... - \frac{1}{{499}} - \frac{1}{{500}}\]

\[ = \frac{1}{{501}} + \frac{1}{{502}} + \frac{1}{{503}} + ... + \frac{1}{{1\,\,000}}.\]

Ta có: \[A = \frac{1}{{501}} + \frac{1}{{502}} + \frac{1}{{503}} + ... + \frac{1}{{1\,\,000}}\] và \[A = \frac{1}{{1\,\,000}} + \frac{1}{{999}} + \frac{1}{{998}} + ... + \frac{1}{{502}} + \frac{1}{{501}}\]

Suy ra:

\[2A = \left( {\frac{1}{{501}} + \frac{1}{{1000}}} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{{502}} + \frac{1}{{999}}} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{{503}} + \frac{1}{{998}}} \right) + ... + \left( {\frac{1}{{999}} + \frac{1}{{502}}} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{{1\,\,000}} + \frac{1}{{501}}} \right)\]

\[2A = \frac{{1\,\,501}}{{501 \cdot 1\,\,000}} + \frac{{1\,\,501}}{{502 \cdot 999}} + \frac{{1\,\,501}}{{503 \cdot 998}} + .... + \frac{{1\,\,501}}{{502 \cdot 999}} + \frac{{1\,\,501}}{{501 \cdot 1\,\,000}}\]

\[2A = \frac{{1\,\,501}}{{501 \cdot 1000}} + \frac{{1\,\,501}}{{502 \cdot 999}} + \frac{{1\,\,501}}{{503 \cdot 998}} + ... + \frac{{1\,\,501}}{{502 \cdot 999}} + \frac{{1\,\,501}}{{501 \cdot 1\,\,000}}\]

\[2A = \frac{{1\,\,501}}{{501 \cdot 1000}} + \frac{{1\,\,501}}{{502 \cdot 999}} + \frac{{1\,\,501}}{{503 \cdot 998}} + ... + \frac{{1\,\,501}}{{502 \cdot 999}} + \frac{{1\,\,501}}{{501 \cdot 1\,\,000}}\]

\[2A = 1\,\,501 \cdot \left( {\frac{1}{{501 \cdot 1\,\,000}} + \frac{1}{{502 \cdot 999}} + \frac{1}{{503 \cdot 998}} + ... + \frac{1}{{502 \cdot 999}} + \frac{1}{{501 \cdot 1\,\,000}}} \right)\]

Mà \[B = \frac{1}{{501 \cdot 1\,\,000}} + \frac{1}{{502 \cdot 999}} + ... + \frac{1}{{999 \cdot 502}} + \frac{1}{{1\,\,000 \cdot 501}}\]

Nên \(2A = 1\,\,501B\) nên \(\frac{A}{B} = \frac{{1\,\,501}}{2}.\)