Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks.

Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business ___(5)___, involves the utilization of a  decision worksheet. Psychologists  ____(6)____  optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions ___(7)___ there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects.

Worksheets require defining the problem ___(8)____ a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or  consequence ___(9)__ Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.

Điền vào số (7)

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence which is closest in meaning to the original one.

We stayed in that hotel despite the noise.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence which is closest in meaning to the original one.

Smith’s career as a television presenter began five years ago.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined parts that ne correcting:

(A) It’s imperative that a graduate (B) maintains a grade point average (C) of “B” in (D) his majo

He couldn’t afford to________his car repaired.

You can stay here _____ you don’t make a loud noise

Smoke, dirt and noise are all kinds of ________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders '" It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.

Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s member. Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.

         Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a mote distant respect.

The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on ________