Read the passage and answer the questions.

In 1761, an artificial waterway opened. It joined a coal-mining area with the port of Manchester. This was England’s first man-made waterway, or ‘canal’. Soon the price of coal in this part of the country went down, and the owner of the Bridgewater canal became rich.

      In the late 18^th century landowners and businessmen built many new canals to make money. There was no canal plan for the country, but the canals completely changed the transport of heavy goods in England. Prices of factory goods went down because transport cost less than before. One horse could now pull 50 tons on a canal boat. Before, it could pull less than one ton on a road cart. The canal network was a very important part of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, but canals had only a short life. In the mid 19^th century, the new railways became the most modern form of transport.

      The men who built the canals were called ‘navvies’. They moved around country in groups from canal to canal. Ordinary people did not like the navvies, because they wore strange clothes, had no real homes, and because they often drank too much beer.

      The Nottingham and Beeston Canal had two parts. It opened in 1796 and was an important six-mile link in the Trent Navigation - a system of canals and rivers which joined the Midlands with the River Humber and the port of Hull. This carried goods from inland factories to the sea. Now it is no longer a working canal. It is a place for people who like walking or fishing.

1.   Why did the price of coal round Manchester decrease?

Read the text and use the words in the box to fill in the blanks.

      Teenagers today live in a very competitive world. It is (1)                     important than ever to succeed at school if you hope to (2)                   a chance in the job market afterwards. It’s no wonder that many young people worry (3)                      letting down their parents, their peers and themselves. To try to please everyone, they take on too (4)            tasks until it becomes harder and harder to balance homework assignments, parties, sports activities and
friends. The result is that young people (5)                            from stress.

      There are different ways of dealing with stress. Everyone knows that caffeine, in the (6)                   of coffee or soft drinks, keeps you awake and alert. But caffeine is a drug which (7)                                            become addictive. In the end, like other drugs, caffeine only leads to more stress. There are better (8)                                 to deal with stress: physical exercise is a good release for stress, (9)                                it increases certain chemicals in the brain which calm you down. You have to get enough sleep to (10)                             stress and to stay healthy and full of energy.

Read the passage and fill in the blanks with the given words in the box.

      Bau Truc pottery village of Cham village ethnic minority is one of the oldest pottery villages in Southeast Asia. It’s located about 10 km in the South of PhanRang town. The small village is (1)                              to more than 400 families, of (2)                         85% are in the traditional pottery business. The style is said to be handed (3)               from Po Klong Chan, one of their ancestors from the immemorial time.

      People in Bau Truc use their skillful hands, bamboo-made circles and shells to create priceless works. It is (4)                                 that while the Kinh people have switched to using wheel as an indispensable (5)                                   , their Cham counterparts, on the contrary, still (6)                                  on talent hands and simpletools. To create a pottery product, a Cham craftsman only needs an anvil, not apotter’s wheel, and other simple equipment and moulds and then uses hands to (7)                             pieces of clay into the works he wants.

      The clay is taken is taken from the banks of the Quao River and is flexible, durable when (8)                                              fired. The skills needed to mix sand with the clay are also various. The amount of sand mixed with the plastic material is dependent on what the pottery used for and the sizes. For these seasons, Bau Truc pottery is quite different from pottery elsewhere. For example, water jars made in Bau truc pottery are always favoured by people in dry and sunny areas (9)                                  the temperature of the water in the jars is always one centigrade cooler than (10)                           outside.

Fill each blank with a suitable word in the box.

      Cyberbullying is the (1)               of technology to annoy, threaten, embarrass or target (2)                                 person. Online threats and aggressive,                             or rude texts, posts, or messages all count. So does (3)                           personal information, pictures, or videos designed to hurt or embarrass someone else. (4)          comments often focus on things like a person’s gender, religion race, or physical differences.

            Online bullying can be particularly damaging and upsetting (5)                               it is usually anonymous or (6)                       to find. People can suffer (7)                         a 24/7 basis – every time they (8)                  their cellphone or computer.

      The first thing (9)                                     to solve the problem is to tell an adult you trust. You also can talk to your school counselor or a trusted teacher or family member. Ignoring bullies is the best way to take away their power, but it isn’t always easy to do – in the real world (10)              online.

Read the passage and fill in each blank with the correct form of the verbs from the box.

      Marble Mountains is a group of five smaller mountains (1)                    Metal, Wood, Water, Fire and Earth. It is also a travel itinerary linking Da Nang City to the ancient town of Hoi An and Hue City. As the name suggests the Marble Mountains used to be a place providing input (2)                                for craftsmen in the village, but the local government banned marble exploitation (3)                             that the five mountains could disappear.

      Most of the marble for the village now comes from northern provinces such as Ninh Binh, Thanh Hoa and Thai Nguyen. As a further step to diversify products, the marble fine arts village has (4)                                   marble from Pakistan.

      As far as I know, the man who (5)                       marble craftsmanship to the region came from Thanh Hoa, and most craftsmen in the village had handed down the craft from generation to generation. There are some 3,000 handicraft workers in Non Nuoc village. (6)       , there are only 70 skillful craftsmen who can (7)                              souls into marble sculptures after other workers have finished (8)                                the Products.

      In the shops along the highway, you can see different marble products in all shapes and sizes, from contemporary (9)                               to religious sculptures. And of course you will have a chance to see craftsmen (10)                         their art and turning soulless marble into sophisticated sculpture products.

Fill in the blank using the words in the box.

      Subsidy economy from 1976 to 1986 means all (1)                                of goods and raw materials are in the (2)                 of the central government. The government coordinated all steps of economy from planning, collecting, and distributing to (3)             . Each person (4)                                 with standard distributions which depended (5)               working level, age, rank and position in government or professional.

      (6)                         essential supplies had many problems, for example, four people shared a pair of bicycle tires, or even a blanket. Sometimes one pig was shared among 20 households, everyone wanted to take the good (7)                            and very difficult to divide fairly. Moreover, because of bad storage and complicated delivery, many supplied foods were in bad condition, such as broken, rotten or even poisonous. Each family got (8)                   own rice booklet shown date and number kilos of rice. During that time, the Vietnamese had a famous saying, “Your face (9)                        sad like (10)                the rice booklet”.

Fill in the bank with a suitable word.

      People in Ho Chi Minh City are determined to (1)                                  into the world while maintaining the Vietnamese identity. Therefore, they have decided to use the image of the lotus bud, considered by many as Vietnam’s (2)                                  flower, to be the (3)                inspiration for the architectural design. Ho Chi Minh City’s Bitexco Financial Tower is completed as      Viet Nam is on its way to recover from the global (4)                    crisis. This coincides with a(n) (5)                demand from (6)            business circles for office space.

      Any city you can (7)                     ofhas its (8)                             buildings. For example in Singapore, it is Marina Bay - an icon for (9)                               . In Ho Chi Minh City, it is a demand to (10)                               something that everyone remembers and keeps them reminded of the city.

Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word from the box. There are some extra words.

      Ha Noi’s Old Quarter was established hundreds of years ago on the east side of the ancient Thang Long citadel. In the old days, the Old Quarter, a system of narrow streets, alleys and houses, was (1)                  to several guilds such as bronze casting, forging, jewelry making, wood carving, silk and clothes trading. Small, beautifully styled houses built along with a (2)                          local culture. Streets in the Old Quarter still have names describing their original goods or craft, for example, Hang Bac or “Silver Street”. The ground-floor shops of the (3)                              here now sell handicrafts, fine arts, and food. But the quarter also has a number of pagodas, temples, (4)                      relics, and festivals dedicated to the founders of some the local crafts. Now, many guild streets, like Hang Quat street, don’t make fans anymore, but they are remembered as craft streets The architecture and lifestyle of the local people reflect typical (5)                    of traditional guild streets in Ha Noi.