Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word orphrasethat best fits eachof the numbered blanks from 11 to 15.

 

Any change in one part of an ecosystem can cause changes in other parts. Droughts, storms and fires can change ecosystems. Some changes ____(11)___ ecosystems. If there is too little rainfall, plants will not have enough water to live. If a kind of plant dies off, the animals____(12)___feed on it may also die or move away. Some changes are good for ecosystems. Some pine forests need fires for the pine trees to reproduce. The seeds are sealed inside pinecones. Heat from a forest fire melts the seal and lets the seeds ____(13)___. Polluting the air, soil, and water can harm ecosystems. Building dams on rivers for electric power and irrigation can harm ecosystems ____(14)___ the rivers. Bulldozing wetlands and cutting down forests destroy ecosystems. Ecologists are working with companies and governments to find better ways of___(15)____ fish, cutting down trees, and building dams. They are looking for ways to get food, lumber, and other products for people without causing harm to ecosystems.