PHẦN 3: ĐỀ ÔN LUYỆN THI PRACTICE TEST 3

Underline ten extra words in the following passage. Write the words in the space given. The Business of‘Bling’

A New Orleans rapper is named 'BG' coined the term 'bling bling' to 0.__ is_________describe his taste in flashy jewellery. Since then, it has had certainly not gone 26._____unnoticed as a fashion statement. In fact, it's the byword for a glamorous, but 27.______extravagant lifestyle. Bling means big money, so it’s hardly ever surprising 28.______________people are keen on it. When footballer David Beckham wanted a gift for his wife, he commissioned from New York designer 'Jacob the jeweller’ to send a priceless 29._______________pink diamond ring to Spain to surprise at her with the unexpected present. 30._______________Other New York jewellers have client lists that are increasingly be made up 31.____of hip-hop and R&B stars. The hip-hop industry is valued at an incredible sum total 32.______of money per annually. As with the world of fashion, hip-hop stars are now 33.___joining in and feverishly creating jewellery lines of their own ability. And they 34.________face fierce competition from those who in the rap world. It seems jewellery 35.______has become much more than just a basic accessory.

(adapted from Cambridge English Advanced Result Student's Book)

PART C. READING (35 POINTS)

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

Many of the major supermarket chains have come under fire with (51)………..of

various unethical acts over the past decade. They’ve wasted tonnes of food, they've underpaid their suppliers and they’ve contributed to (52) ………..plastic waste in their

packaging, which has had its impact on our environment.

But supermarkets and grocers are starting to sit up and take notice. In response to growing consumer backlash against the huge amounts of plastic waste generated by plastic packaging, some of the largest UK supermarkets have (53)………..a pact promising

to transform packaging and cut plastic wastage. In a pledge to reuse, recycle or compost all plastic wastage by 2025, supermarkets are now beginning to take some responsibility for the part they play in contributing to the (54) ………..to our environment, with one

major supermarket announcing their plan to eliminate all plastic packaging in their own­brand products by 2023.

In response to criticisms over food waste, some supermarkets are donating some of their food surplus. (55)……….., charities estimate that they are only accessing two per

cent of supermarkets' total food surplus, so this (56) ……….. seems to be solving the

problem. Some say that supermarkets are simply not doing enough. Most supermarkets operate under a veil of secrecy when asked for exact figures of food wastage, and without more transparency it is hard to come up with a systematic approach to avoiding waste and to (57)………..surplus food.

Some smaller companies are now taking matters into their own hands and offering consumers a greener, more environmentally friendly option. Shops like Berlin's Original Unverpakt and London’s Bulk Market are plastic-free shops that have opened in recent years, (58)………..customers to use their own containers or compostable bags. Online

grocer Farmdrop eliminates the need for large warehouses and the risk of huge food surplus by delivering fresh (59)………..from local farmers to its customers on a daily (60)

………..via electric cars, offering farmers the lion’s share of the retail price.

(adaptedfrom learnenglish.britishcounciLorg)

Read the following passage and fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

Humans start developing a sense of humour as early as six weeks old, when babies begin to laugh and smile in (61)………… to stimuli. Laughter is universal across all human cultures and even exists in some forms in rats, chimps, and bonobos. Like other human emotions and expressions, laughter and humour provide psychological scientists (62)…………resources for studying human psychology, ranging (63)…………the development of language to the neuroscience of social perception.

Theories focusing on the evolution of laughter point to it as an important adaptation for social communication. (64) …………, for example, the recorded laughter in TV comedy shows. Back in 1950, US sound engineer Charley Douglass hated dealing with the unpredictable laughter of live audiences, so started recording his own ‘laugh tracks’. These were intended to help people at home feel (65)…………they were in a social situation, such as a crowded theatre. Douglass even recorded various types of laughter, as well as mixtures of laughter from men, women, and children. In doing so, he picked (66)…………on a quality of laughter that is now interesting researchers: a simple 'haha' communicates a remarkable amount of socially relevant information.

In one study (67)…………in 2016, samples of laughter from pairs of English-

speaking students were recorded at the University of California, Santa Cruz. A team (68) …………up of more than 30 psychological scientists, anthropologists, and biologists then played these recordings to listeners from 24 diverse societies, from indigenous tribes in New Guinea to city-dwellers in India and Europe. Participants were asked (69)…………they thought the people laughing were friends or strangers. (70)…………    average, the results were remarkably consistent: worldwide, people’s guesses were correct approximately 60% of the time.

(adapted from IELTS15 Academic Student’s Book with Answers’)

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

CLOTHING AND COSTUME

The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first clothed our bodies for some physical reasons, such as protecting ourselves from the elements. Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty, taboo, magical influence, or the desire to please. Anthropological research indicates that the function of the earliest clothing was to carry objects. Our hunting - gathering ancestors had to travel great distances to obtain food. For the male hunters, carrying was much easier if they were wearing simple belts or animal skins from which they could hang weapons and tools. For the female gatherers, more elaborate carrying devices were necessary. Women had to transport collected food back to the settlement and also had to carry babies, so they required bags or slings.

Another function of early clothing - providing comfort and protection - probably developed at the same time as utility. As human beings multiplied and spread out from the warm lands in which they evolved, they covered their bodies more and more to maintain warmth and to carry objects in our clothes. And like our hunting - gathering ancestors, most men still carry things on their person, as if they still needed to keep their arms free for hunting, while women tend to have a separate bag for carrying, as if they were still food - gatherers. But these two functions of clothing are only two of many uses to which we put the garments that we wear today.

There is a clear distinction between attire that constitutes 'clothing' and attire that is more aptly termed ‘costume’. We might say that clothing has to do with covering the body, and costume concerns the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular purpose. Clothing depends primarily on such physical conditions as climate, health, and textile, while costume reflects social factors such as personal status, religious beliefs, aesthetics, and the wish to be distinguished from or to emulate others.

Even in early human history, costume fulfilled a function beyond that of simple utility. [80A] Costume helped to impose authority or inspire fear. A chieftain’s costume embodied attributes expressing his power, while a warrior’s costume enhanced his physical superiority and suggested he was superhuman. Costume often had a magical significance such as investing humans with the attributes of other creatures through the addition of ornaments to identify the wearer with animals, gods, or heroes. [80B] In more recent times, professional or administrative costume is designed to distinguish the wearer and to express personal or delegated authority. [80C] Costume communicates the status of the wearer, and with very few exceptions, the aim is to display as high a status as possible. Costume denotes power, and since power is often equated with health, costume has come to be an expression of social class and material prosperity. [80D]

A uniform is a type of costume that serves the important function of displaying membership in a group: school, sports team, occupation, or armed force. Military uniform denotes rank and is intended not only to express group membership but also to protect the body and to intimidate. A soldier’s uniform says, ‘I am part of a powerful machine, and when you deal with me, you deal with my whole organization.’ Uniforms are immediate beacons of power and authority. If a person needs to display power - a police officer, for example - then the body can be virtually transformed. Height can be exaggerated with protective headgear, thick clothing can make the body look broader and stronger, and boots can enhance the power of the legs. Uniforms also convey low social status; at the bottom of the scale, the uniform of the prisoner denotes membership in the society of convicted criminals.

Religious costume signifies spiritual or superhuman authority and possesses a significance that identifies the wearer with a belief or god. A successful clergy has always displayed impressive vestments of one kind or another that clearly demonstrate the religious leader’s dominant status.

(Delta’s Key to the Next Generation TOEFL Test Advanced Skill Practice for the IBT)

Missing paragraphs:

A.      It’s not that I'm suggesting that sailors should go back to enduring every hardship. It's always been important to me that my boats have a coal stove for warmth and dryness and cosy berths for sleeping. But why go cruising at all if every sail sets and furls itself?

B.      Back on land, however, it is a sad fact that the very antiquity of classic boats means that they need a lot of looking after. When I had a bad injury to my back, I realized that my 15-year love affair with her had to end. Searching for a younger replacement produced no credible contenders, so I decided to build a new boat from scratch.

C. The next version was nearly right and by the time the final one appeared, the form was perfect. The completed boat has now crossed the North Atlantic and has won four out of her first six racing starts.

D.      At the same time, having lived abroad an ancient wooden beauty in the early seventies, it's easier to understand more of this are of the mechanics. My designer, for example, knows more about the ways of a boat on the sea than anyone I can think of.

E.      Perhaps I am, though I doubt it. This boat has benefited from all the magic of old- fashioned boat design, but it would have been a much harder job without the advances of modern know-how.

F.      For me a boat should always be a boat and not a cottage on the water. When I bought an earlier boat, Hirta, in which I circumnavigated Britain for a TV race series, the previous owner observed that she had every comfort, but no luxury. During my long relationship with her, Hirta taught me how wise he was.