Read the text, and identify whether the statements are true (T), false (F), or not given (NG).

On September 2, 1945, Viet Nam gained independence from France. President Ho Chi Minh decided that the three key priorities of the new, independent government would be: fighting against poverty, illiteracy, and invaders. His new driving philosophy for education was “an illiterate nation is a powerless one”, and in October 1945 he issued a “Call for anti-illiteracy”. The President’s call was a success. Within one year, 75 thousand literacy classes were established with about 96 thousand teachers to help 2.5 million people learn to read and write.

During the years of French resistance (1946 -1954), schools operated in demilitarized areas. They stopped teaching in French and created curriculum in Vietnamese. The government passed an education reform in 1950 with the goal of reducing the years of general education and concentrating on reading, writing, and calculating skills.

One of the priorities was to make sure that people could read and write.

Read the text, and identify whether the statements are true (T), false (F), or not given (NG).

President Ho Chi Minh thought that an illiterate nation did not have power to gain independence.

Read the text, and identify whether the statements are true (T), false (F), or not given (NG).

Right before gaining the independence, President Ho Chi Minh called for a struggle against illiteracy.

Read the text, and identify whether the statements are true (T), false (F), or not given (NG).

The majority of the population could read and write after the campaign of anti-illiteracy.

Read the text, and identify whether the statements are true (T), false (F), or not given (NG).

The education reform reduced the number of subjects.