Complete the following sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets.

1. Measures must be carried out to avoid as many_________consequences as possible. (CATASTROPHE)

2.  Đáp án: f

Giải thích: famine (n.): nạn đói

Dịch nghĩa: a lack of food during a long period of time in a region (thiếu lương thực trong một thời gian dài ở một khu vực)

3.  Đáp án: b

Giải thích: drought (n.): hạn hán

Dịch nghĩa: a long period of time when there is little or no rain (một khoảng thời gian dài khi có rất ít hoặc không có mưa)

4.  Đáp án: e

Giải thích: lawmaker (n.): nhà lập pháp

Dịch nghĩa: a person in government who makes the laws of a country (người trong chính phủ làm luật cho một quốc gia)

5.  Đáp án: a

Giải thích: ecosystem (n.): hệ sinh thái

Dịch nghĩa: all the plants and living creatures in a particular area (tất cả các loài thực vật và sinh vật sống trong một khu vực cụ thể)

The main cause of climate change is global warming, which has many negative consequences on physical, biological and human systems, as well as other effects.

Global warming is caused by the greenhouse effect, a natural process by which the atmosphere retains some of the Sun’s heat, allowing the Earth to maintain the necessary conditions to host life. The problem is that daily human activities maximize the greenhouse effect, causing the planet’s temperature to increase even more.

Experts agree that the industrial Revolution was the turning point when emissions of greenhouse effect gases entering the atmosphere began to soar. Moreover, population growth, exploding resource use, increasing energy demand and production, mainly from fossil fuels, all saw the planet enter into what the scientific community have termed the Anthropocene period.

The global temperature increase brings disastrous consequences, endangering the survival of the Earth’s flora and fauna, including human beings. The worst climate change impacts include the melting of the ice mass at the poles, which in turn causes rising sea level, producing flooding and threatening coastal environments through which small island states risk disappearing entirely.