Bài tập Đọc hiểu có đáp án Phần 4

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, D to indicate the correct answer to each of questions.

(Đọc đoạn văn dưới và chọn đáp án đúng để trả lời cho từng câu hỏi.)

Question 1-5

Many teenagers become stressed when their teachers and parents expect too much from them as far as school grades. According to the New York Times, when some teenagers study hard for an exam but receive a poor grade, they feel defeated and hopeless because they know they haven’t only disappointed themselves, but also the people they care about the most.

Teenagers from a dysfunctional home life where abuse or alcoholism are problems can suffer from extreme stress. Teenagers need to feel safe and cared for at home. When they do not receive this from their safe place, they may take the stress of home, bring it to school, and act out.

Getting along with friends or getting into the “in” crowd can be very stressful for teenagers, according to a recent survey. A teen’s social group means everything to some teens. When arguments happen or a teen feels awkward around peers, it’s normal to feel sad or anxious.

Popular teens experience just as much stress. They need to keep up a certain image within their social group. It’s hard to make it into the “in” group, but it can be even harder to stay in it.

Question 6-10

Pollution is an environmental concern for people throughout the world. One university study suggests that pollutants in the water, air, and soil cause up to 40% of the premature deaths in the world’s population. The majority of these deaths occur in developing countries.

Water in many developing countries is contaminated with toxic chemicals, also known as toxins. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 1.1 billion people have little or no access to clean water. In many of these regions the water that is used for drinking, cooking, and washing is the same water that is used for dumping sewage and hazardous waste. Most developing countries cannot afford water treatment facilities. Approximately 80% of infectious diseases in the world are caused by contaminated water.

Air pollution is a growing problem throughout the world. Indoor air pollution is one of the leading causes of lung cancer. Families in developing countries use open stoves for cooking and heating their homes. These homes do not have proper ventilation. The smoke, which is full of chemicals and carcinogens, gets trapped inside where families eat and sleep. Outdoor pollution also causes disease and illness, especially in industrial cities such as Beijing, China, where cancer is the leading cause of death. China relies heavily on coal, which is considered the dirtiest source of energy. According to the European Union, only 1% of urban dwellers in China breathe clean air on an average day.

Soil pollution is also a major concern, both in industrial and developing countries. Pollutants such as metals and pesticides seep into the earth’s soil and contaminate the food supply. Soil pollution causes major health risks to entire ecosystems. This type of pollution reduces the amount of land suitable for agricultural production and contributes to global food shortages.

As more people move to urban centres, premature deaths caused by pollution are expected to increase worldwide. Today, the developed nations who achieved their wealth at the expense of the environment will be held accountable for protecting the earth’s resources for future generations.

Question 11-15

Earthquakes in Japan

Your body needs fuel in the form of food every day, but the wrong kind of fuel can lead to health problems. A balanced diet consists of fruits, vegetables, low-fat or fat-free dairy, whole grains, protein, and fats, but it limits cholesterol, saturated fats, trans fats, and sodium. When poor eating habits spiral out of control, it could cause serious health problems down the road.

Healthy eating habits affect both mental and physical wellness. What you eat affects your immune system, bone health, and athletic performance, among other functions. It plays a role in your mental health, too - healthy eating supports cognition, problem-solving, memory, alertness, sleep, and information processing, according to the Linus Pauling Institute, which also notes that good nutrition is important for proper brain development and maintenance of normal cognitive function.

When combined with regular physical activity, a balanced diet can help prevent such conditions as cardiovascular disease, type-2 diabetes, and obesity. Columbia University reports that the three leading causes of death in the United States - coronary heart disease, some types of cancer, and stroke - are directly linked with dietary behavior. To help prevent such conditions as cardiovascular disease, you need to keep your blood cholesterol, blood pressure and weight under control. All of this can be done through healthy eating and exercise.

Simple changes in your daily eating behaviors such as eating more slowly and avoiding large serving sizes can result in healthier eating over time. Eating slowly, for example, can reduce overeating, heartburn, indigestion, and feeling bloated. The University of Arkansas notes that it takes 15 to 20 minutes for the stomach to send signals to the brain, letting you know you are full, other ways to support healthy eating habits include recording your eating habits throughout the day and shopping with nutrition in mind by reading food labels and focusing on fresh vs. processed foods.

Question 16-20

Culture shock is a common phenomenon and, though it may take months to develop, it often affects travelers and people living far from home in unexpected ways. Culture shock generally moves through four different phases: honeymoon, frustration, adjustment, and acceptance.

The first stage of culture shock is often overwhelmingly positive during which travelers become infatuated with the language, people, and food in their new surroundings. At the honeymoon stage, the trip or move seems like the greatest decision ever made, an exciting adventure to stay on forever.

Frustration may be the most difficult stage of culture shock and is probably familiar to anyone who has lived abroad or who travels frequently. At this stage, the fatigue of not understanding gestures, signs, and the language sets in and miscommunications may be happening frequently.

Frustrations are often subdued as travelers begin to feel more familiar and comfortable with the cultures, people, food and languages of new environments. Navigation becomes easier, friends, and communities of support are established and details of local languages may become more recognizable during the adjustment stage.

Generally - though sometimes weeks, months or years after wrestling with the emotional stages outlined above - the final stage of culture shock is acceptance. Acceptance doesn’t mean that new cultures or environments are completely understood, rather it signifies realization that complete understanding isn’t necessary to function and thrive in the new surroundings.

Though it can be one of the hardest parts of traveling, culture shock is just as integral to the experience as food, people, and scenery. By recognizing it for what it is and finding ways to cope, you can prevent culture shock from ruining an otherwise fantastic experience abroad.