Tính các giới hạn sau:

\(\lim \frac{{ - 3 + \frac{1}{{n + 1}}}}{{{5^n}}}\);

\(\lim \frac{{{n^3} - 5n + 1}}{{3{n^2} - 4n + 2}}\)\( = \lim \frac{{{n^3}\left( {1 - \frac{5}{{{n^2}}} + \frac{1}{{{n^3}}}} \right)}}{{{n^3}\left( {\frac{3}{n} - \frac{4}{{{n^2}}} + \frac{2}{{{n^3}}}} \right)}}\)\( = \lim \frac{{1 - \frac{5}{{{n^2}}} + \frac{1}{{{n^3}}}}}{{\frac{3}{n} - \frac{4}{{{n^2}}} + \frac{2}{{{n^3}}}}}\)

\( = \frac{{\lim \left( {1 - \frac{5}{{{n^2}}} + \frac{1}{{{n^3}}}} \right)}}{{\lim \left( {\frac{3}{n} - \frac{4}{{{n^2}}} + \frac{2}{{{n^3}}}} \right)}} = + \infty \) (do \(\lim \left( {1 - \frac{5}{{{n^2}}} + \frac{1}{{{n^3}}}} \right) = 1\) và \(\lim \left( {\frac{3}{n} - \frac{4}{{{n^2}}} + \frac{2}{{{n^3}}}} \right) = 0\)).

Đáp án đúng là: B

Vì limqⁿ = 0 với |q| < 1 nên ta có:

\(\lim \frac{1}{{{2^n}}} = \lim {\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)^n} = 0\) do \(\left| {\frac{1}{2}} \right| < 1\);

\(\lim \frac{1}{{{{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)}^n}}} = \lim {\left( {\frac{1}{{\sqrt 2 }}} \right)^n} = 0\) do \(\left| {\frac{1}{{\sqrt 2 }}} \right| < 1\);

\(\lim {\left( { - \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}} \right)^n} = 0\) do \(\left| { - \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}} \right| < 1\).

Vậy các đáp án A, C, D đúng.

Vì \(\left| {\frac{3}{2}} \right| > 1\) nên \(\lim {\left( {\frac{3}{2}} \right)^n} \ne 0\), do đó đáp án B sai.