Câu hỏi:
15/03/2020 282Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
Glass is a remarkable substance made from the simplest raw materials. It can be colored or colorless, monochrome or polychrome, transparent, translucent, or opaque. It is lightweight impermeable to liquids, readily cleaned and reused, durable yet fragile, and often very beautiful Glass can be decorated in multiple ways and its optical properties are exceptional. In all its myriad forms - as table ware, containers, in architecture and design - glass represents a major achievement in the history of technological developments.
Since the Bronze Age about 3,000 B.C., glass has been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, line and an alkali such as soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeenth century. When heated, the mixture becomes soft and malleable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass thus formed by melting then cools to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this way (metals, for instance), glass lacks the crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow. Why glass deteriorates over time, especially when exposed to moisture, and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.
Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot, ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow or “freeze” at specific temperatures glass progressively softens as the temperature rises, going through varying stages of malleability until it flows like a thick syrup. Each stage of malleability allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by different techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retains the shape achieved at that point. Glass is thus amenable to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than most other materials.
According to the passage, how is glass that has cooled and become rigid different from most other rigid substances?
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CÂU HỎI HOT CÙNG CHỦ ĐỀ
Câu 1:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following exchanges.
Don’t forget to send your parents my regards.” - “_________”
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Câu 2:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
The judge _________the pedestrian for the accident.
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Câu 3:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
If we leave here now, we can drive half the distance before we stop _________lunch.
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Câu 4:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
The proposal (A) has repealed after a (B) twenty-minutes discussion (C) a number of objections to its failure (D) to include our district.
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Câu 5:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
He lifted the phone receiver, _________slightly.
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Câu 6:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
She buys a lot of new dresses every month. She always dresses shabbily.
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Câu 7:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
When our rent increased from $100 to $200 a month, we protested against such a tremendous increase.
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