Bộ 20 đề ôn thi vào Chuyên Anh năm 2023 có đáp án (Đề 2)

In addition to the great ridges and volcanic chains, the oceans conceal another form of undersea mountains: the strange guyot, or flat-topped seamount. No marine geologist even suspected the existence of these isolated mountains until they were discovered by geologist Harry H. Hess in 1946. He was serving at the time as naval officer on a ship equipped with a fathometer. Hess named these truncated peaks for the nineteenth-century Swiss-born geologist Arnold Guyot, who had served on the faculty of Princeton University for thirty years. Since then, hundreds of guyots have been discovered in every ocean but the Arctic. Like offshore canyons, guyots present a challenge to oceanographic theory. They are believed to be extinct volcanoes. Their flat tops indicate that they once stood above or just below the surface, where the action of waves leveled off their peaks. Yet today, by definition, their summits are at least 600 feet below the surface, and some are as deep as 8,200 feet. Most lie between 3,200 feet and 6,500 feet. Their tops are not really flat but slope upward to a low pinnacle at the center. Dredging from the tops of guyots has recovered basalt and coral rubble, and that would be expected from the eroded tops of what were once islands. Some of this material is over 80 million years old. Geologists think the drowning of the guyots involved two processes: The great weight of the volcanic mountains depressed the sea floor beneath them, and the level of the sea rose a number of times, especially when the last Ice Age ended, some 8,000 to 11.000 years ago.

Câu 49

What is the author's main purpose in writing this passage?

A. To trace the career of Arnold Guyot.

B. To describe feature of the undersea world.

C. To present the results of recent geologic research.

D. To discuss underwater ridges and volcano chains

Lời giải

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Câu 50

The word “conceal” is closest in meaning to which of the following?

A. Contain

B. Erode

C. Hide

D. Create

Lời giải

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Câu 51

The passage implies that guyots were first detected by means of______.

A. a fathometer

B. computer analysic

C. a deep-sea diving expedition

D. research submarines

Lời giải

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Câu 52

The author indicates that Arnold Guyot________.

A. was Harry Hess's instructor

B. invented the fathometer

C. named the guyed after himself

D. taught at Princeton University

Lời giải

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Câu 53

What does the passage say about the Arctic Ocean?

A. The first guyot was discovered there.

B. No guyots have ever been found there.

C. There are more guyots there than in any other ocean.

D. It is impossible that guyots were ever formed there

Lời giải

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Câu 54

The author states that offshore canyons and guyots have which of the following characteristics in common?

A. Both are found on the ocean floor near continental shelves.

B. Both present oceanographers with a mystery.

C. Both were formed by volcanic activity.

D. Both were, at one time, above the surface of the sea.

Lời giải

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Câu 55

According to the passage, most guyots are found at a depth of________.

A. less than 600 feet.

B. between 600 and 3,200 feet.

C. between 3,200 and 6,500 feet

D. more than 8,200 feet

Lời giải

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Câu 56

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “rubble”?

A. Fragments

B. Mixture

C. Columns

D. Core

Lời giải

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Câu 57

According to the passage, which of the following two processes were involved in the submersion of guyots?

A. Erosion and volcanic activity.

B. The sinking of the sea floor and the rising of sea level.

C. Mountain building and the action of ocean currents

D. High tides and earthquakes

Lời giải

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Câu 58

According to the passage, when did sea level significantly rise?

A. In 1946

B. In the nineteenth century

C. From 8,000 to 11,000 years

D. 80 million years ago

Lời giải

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Đoạn văn 2

Read the following passage and choose the best answer. Write your answers in the numbered blanks provided below the passage. (20p)

As Christmas evolved in the United States, new customs were adopted and many old ones were reworked. The legend of Santa Claus, for example, had origins in Europe and was brought by Dutch settlers to New York in the early 18th century. Traditionally, Santa Claus - from the Dutch Sinter Klaas - was depicted as a tall, dignified, religious figure riding a white horse through the air. Known as Saint Nicholas in Germany, he was usually accompanied by Black Peter, an elf who punished disobedient children. In North America he eventually developed into a fat, jolly old gentleman who had neither the religious attributes of Saint Nicholas nor the strict disciplinarian character of Black Peter. Santa’s transformation began in 1823, when a New York newspaper published the poem A Visit from Saint Nicholas, which Clement Clark Moore had written to amuse his daughter. The poem introduced many Americans to the story of a kindly saint who flew over housetops in a reindeer-drawn sleigh. Portraits and drawings of Santa Claus by American illustrator Thomas Nast further strengthened the legend during the second half of the 19th century. Living at the North Pole and assisted by elves, the modern Santa produced and delivered toys to all good children. By the late 19th century he had become such a prominent figure of American folklore that in 1897, when Virginia O’Hanlon wrote to the New York Sun newspaper asking if Santa was real, she received a direct answer: “Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus”.

Câu 59

Who brought the legend of Santa Claus to the USA according to the passage?

A. Sinter Klaas

B. Saint Nicholas

C. A German

D. Dutch settlers

Lời giải

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Câu 60

Santa Claus was traditionally described as a________.

A. tall man who could walk through the air.

B. fat, jolly, old man.

C. religious figure.

D. fat man riding a white horse.

Lời giải

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Câu 61

Santa Claus in North America was depicted as________.

A. a man with the strict disciplinarian character of Black Peter.

B. a good old man with less religious character.

C. one with religious attributes of Saint Nicholas.

D. a jolly man on horseback.

Lời giải

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Câu 62

Who was Black Peter?

A. an elf accompanying Saint Nicholas.

B. an elf who rode a white horse.

C. one of the disobedient children.

D. a popular traditional figure.

Lời giải

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Câu 63

What word is closest in meaning to “attributes”?

A. symbols of a person

B. natural qualities

C. effects

D. outer appearance

Lời giải

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Câu 64

Where did the legend of Santa Claus come from?

A. the North Pole

B. Europe

C. North America

D. the City of New York

Lời giải

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Câu 65

1823 was mentioned as a year when________.

A. Clement Clark Moore wrote his first poem

B. Clement Clark Moore’s poem made him popular

C. Saint Nicholas visited New York

D. the image of Santa Claus was transformed

Lời giải

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Câu 66

According to Clement Clark Moore’s poem

A. Santa Claus had nothing different in appearance from the traditional one.

B. Santa Claus had wings and could fly.

C. Santa Claus liked poetry.

D. Santa Claus was a kindly saint who flew over housetops in a sleigh.

Lời giải

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Câu 67

The answer “Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus” is an illustration for the fact that________.

A. the New York Sun was popular with children.

B. Santa Claus was a prominent figure at that time.

C. newspapers are unreliable.

D. Virginia O’Hanlon was a reader of the New York Sun

Lời giải

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Câu 68

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Santa Claus was an imaginary old man created by artists based on traditional figures.

B. Living in the North Pole, Santa Claus visited children at Christmas.

C. Santa Claus was a real figure living in northern America.

D. Santa Claus was a story based on Saint Nicholas and Black Peter.

Lời giải

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Đoạn văn 3

Choose the word that best fits each of the blanks in the following passage. Write your answers in the numbered blanks provided below the passage.

(0) has been done as an example. Vietnamese generally shake hands when greeting and parting. Using both hands shows respect as does a (1)________ bow of the head. In rural areas, elderly people do not extend their hand are greeted with a bow. Women are more (2)________ to bow the head than to shake hands. Vietnamese names begin with the family name and are (3)________ by a given name. For example, in the name Nguyen Van Due, Nguyen is the family name. People address (4)________ by their given names, but add a title that indicates their perceived (5)________ to the other person. These titles are family related rather than professional. Among colleagues, for example, the (6)________ of the two might combine the given name with the title of Anh ("Older Brother"). A(n) (7)________ greeting combined with the given name and title is Xin chao ("Hello."). Classifiers for gender and familiarity are also combined with the greeting. In formal meetings, business cards are sometimes (8)________ on greeting. Vietnamese people have a strong (9)________ of hospitality and feel embarrassed if they cannot show their guests full respect by preparing for their arrival. Therefore, it (10)________ to visit someone without having been invited. Gifts are not required, but are appreciated. Flowers, incense, or tea may be proper gifts for the hosts. Hosts also appreciate a small gift for their children or elderly parents

Câu 69

Using both hands shows respect as does a (1)________ bow of the head.

A. light

B. slight

C. lightly

D. lighted

Lời giải

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Câu 70

Women are more (2)________ to bow the head than to shake hands.

A. possible

B. capable

C. probable

D. likely

Lời giải

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Câu 71

Vietnamese names begin with the family name and are (3)________ by a given name.

A. continued

B. chased

C. followed

D. taken

Lời giải

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Câu 72

People address (4)________ by their given names, but add a title that indicates

A. each one

B. one other

C. one the other

D. one another

Lời giải

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Câu 73

but add a title that indicates their perceived (5)________ to the other person.

A. relation

B. relationship

C. relation

D. relatives

Lời giải

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Câu 74

Among colleagues, for example, the (6)________ of the two might combine the given name with the title of Anh ("Older Brother").

A. younger

B. most young

C. youngest

D. young

Lời giải

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Câu 75

A(n) (7)________ greeting combined with the given name and title is Xin chao ("Hello."

A. easy

B. basic

C. fundamentally

D. elementary

Lời giải

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Câu 76

In formal meetings, business cards are sometimes (8)________ on greeting.

A. changed

B. transferred

C. reserved

D. exchanged

Lời giải

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Câu 77

Vietnamese people have a strong (79)________ of hospitality and feel embarrassed if they cannot show their guests full respect by preparing for their arrival.

A. sense

B. sensation

C. sensitivity

D. sensible

Lời giải

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Câu 78

Therefore, it (80)________ to visit someone without having been invited.

A. inactive

B. inaccurate

C. inappropriate

D. inexact

Lời giải

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Đoạn văn 4

Fill each blank with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in the numbered blanks provided below the passage.

(0) has been done as an example. Cell Phones Cell phones have been popular in Japan (0. since) the early 1990s, but it was (1)________ until 1999 that their use really took off. The age of cell phones has emerged, but with it come problems. Cell phones are used on buses and trains, in restaurants, and in all areas of (2)________. They cause problems when they (3)________ during meetings, concerts, weddings, or even funerals. What's more, people speak loudly in public, and students read and text messages during lessons. (4)________ seriously, when a cell phone is used near a person (5)________ a pacemaker to fegulate his heartbeat, its radio waves may interfere with the functioning of the pacemaker. Now, something is being done to solve these (6)________. In many places, new technology is being used to block cell phone calls. Airline (7)________ are requested to stop using cell phones while on board. Concert halls ask their audience to switch their phones to the (8)________ mode. However, phone users fear that if they do not (9)________ their phones, they will lose valuable business opportunities. That's why many do not (10)________ off their phones even when they are asked to.

Câu 79