Cho cấp số cộng \(\left( {{u_n}} \right)\) biết \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1} = 2\\{u_{n + 1}} = {u_n} + 5\end{array} \right.\) với \(n \ge 1,n \in \mathbb{N}\).

\(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_5} + {u_2} = 36\\{u_6} - {u_4} = 48\end{array} \right.\)\( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}{q^4} + {u_1}q = 36\\{u_1}{q^5} - {u_1}{q^3} = 48\end{array} \right.\)\[ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}q\left( {{q^3} + 1} \right) = 36\\{u_1}{q^3}\left( {{q^2} - 1} \right) = 48\end{array} \right.\]\[ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}q\left( {q + 1} \right)\left( {{q^2} - q + 1} \right) = 36\\{u_1}{q^3}\left( {q - 1} \right)\left( {q + 1} \right) = 48\end{array} \right.\]

\[ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}q\left( {q + 1} \right)\left( {{q^2} - q + 1} \right) = 36\\\frac{{36{q^2}\left( {q - 1} \right)}}{{{q^2} - q + 1}} = 48\end{array} \right.\]\[ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}q\left( {q + 1} \right)\left( {{q^2} - q + 1} \right) = 36\\3{q^2}\left( {q - 1} \right) = 4\left( {{q^2} - q + 1} \right)\end{array} \right.\]\[ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}q\left( {q + 1} \right)\left( {{q^2} - q + 1} \right) = 36\\3{q^3} - 7{q^2} + 4q - 4 = 0\end{array} \right.\]\[ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1} \cdot 2\left( {2 + 1} \right)\left( {{2^2} - 2 + 1} \right) = 36\\q = 2\end{array} \right.\]\[ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1} = 2\\q = 2\end{array} \right.\].

Vậy \({u_1} + 2024q = 2 + 2024 \cdot 2 = 4050\).

Trả lời: 4050.

a) \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_2} - {u_3} + {u_5} = 10\\{u_4} + {u_6} = 26\end{array} \right.\)\( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1} + 3d = 10\\2{u_1} + 8d = 26\end{array} \right.\)\( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1} = 1\\d = 3\end{array} \right.\).

Ta có \({u_n} = {u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d = 1 + \left( {n - 1} \right) \cdot 3 = 3n - 2\).

b) Ta có \(3n - 2 = 37 \Leftrightarrow n = 13\).

Số 37 thuộc cấp số cộng và số 37 là số hạng thứ 13.

c) Ta có \({u_4} = {u_1} + 3d = 10;{u_7} = {u_1} + 6d = 19;{u_{10}} = {u_1} + 9d = 28\); …; \({u_{2011}} = {u_1} + 2010d = 6031\).

Khi đó \(S = {u_1} + {u_4} + {u_7} + ... + {u_{2011}} = 1 + 10 + 19 + 28 + ... + 6031 = \frac{{\left( {1 + 6031} \right).671}}{2} = 2023736\).