Tính các giới hạn:

                     a)\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {{12}^ + }} \frac{{2023}}{{x - 12}}\);                        b) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{{\sqrt {{x^2} + 4x} }}{{x - 1}}\)

Chọn C

              \[\cos x = - \frac{1}{2} \Leftrightarrow \cos x = \cos \frac{{2\pi }}{3} \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \frac{{2\pi }}{3} + k2\pi \\x = - \frac{{2\pi }}{3} + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\,\,\,\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right).\]

Chọn B

\[\lim \frac{{{3^n} - 1}}{{{2^n} - {{2.3}^n} + 1}} = \lim \frac{{{3^n}\left[ {1 - {{\left( {\frac{1}{3}} \right)}^n}} \right]}}{{{3^n}\left[ {{{\left( {\frac{2}{3}} \right)}^n} - 2 + {{\left( {\frac{1}{3}} \right)}^n}} \right]}} = \lim \frac{{1 - {{\left( {\frac{1}{3}} \right)}^n}}}{{{{\left( {\frac{2}{3}} \right)}^n} - 2 + {{\left( {\frac{1}{3}} \right)}^n}}} = - \frac{1}{2}\].