20 câu trắc nghiệm Tiếng Anh 11 Unit 1 : A long and healthy life -Reading - Global Success có đáp án

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In 1960, Americans spent 10% of their healthcare dollar on medicines. Most of the money came from their own pockets, and was spent on drugs that largely treated infections heart disease, arthritis and depression. Beyond that, there was little that science could offer. Today, the range of diseases for which medical research has some partial treatment is vast. Despite this, and the double digit increase in drug spending - 75% -90% of which is paid for by insurance companies - prescription drugs now account for 9% of total health expenditures.

Similarly, claims by insurers and corporations - that drug costs are driving insurance costs up in general - are overstated. According to health analyst J.D. Kleinke, since pharmacy costs represent only 9% of all spending, even increases of 20% could not be responsible for insurance premium increases of 10% -15% over the last two years: Premiums have been increasing far out of proportion to increasing total medical costs over the past three years.

The fact is we should spend more on newer, more expensive medicines because they are worth the investment. Medical innovation creates what Harvard economist David Cutler calls health capital - the ability of people to stay well early and consistently throughout their lives, and remain that way at an increasingly older age. In fact, under the most conservative assumption, the U.S would have needed only about 30% of the improvement in medical progress over the period in time. In the case of congestive heart failure, Mr. Cutler found that increased consumption of new and more expensive drugs and other innovative technologies generated longer life, more productivity and lower health costs that offset the cost of their development and consumption.

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As time goes by, doctors and scientists are finding a strong relationship between the mind and the body. It's becoming clear that how you feel mentally and emotionally is very important for how you feel physically. Have you ever thought that once you passed the age of 20, you start to die? Of course, that is generally a slow process, but you can't escape from it. Teenagers find it difficult - if not impossible - to imagine themselves as middle-aged or old people. That's because they are young, fit and strong; however, if they don't get into the habit of taking regular exercise early in life to keep like that as long as possible, they will have lots of problems when they are older. One of the easiest ways to keep fit is to stick to a healthy diet, that is to say, to eat fruit, fresh vegetables and food containing fibre regularly. Smoking is something you must give up if you want to be healthy. Also, try to reduce your alcohol consumption and avoid being too fat.

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The New Year is the most popular time for many people to think about what they eat and to try to be healthier. However, it is not always easy to change what you eat and many people give up their healthy diet after just a few weeks. Here is some advice to help you continue your diet, and to feel healthier and happier.

Healthy Snacks

Most of us get hungry between meals, especially after a busy day at work or school. A lot of people will eat the first thing they can find and this is often something not so healthy, like a bar of chocolate or some biscuits. To avoid eating these unhealthy snacks, cut up some fresh fruit and vegetables and keep them in the fridge for when you are feeling hungry. Dried fruit and nuts are also healthy snacks and will hopefully stop you from eating chocolate or biscuits when you feel like eating something sweet.

Cooking at Home

It is good to cook at home when you are following a healthy diet, because then you will know exactly what you are eating. You can make your cooking healthier by using less sugar, oil and salt. Instead, use herbs and spices to give your dishes more flavour. When you cook meat or fish, try to grill or boil it rather than frying. Always include plenty of fresh, steamed or boiled green vegetables as part of your meal. You may find it useful to buy a cookery book of healthy recipes, or to look up healthy recipes online.