(Viên chức Mầm non) 1128 câu trắc nghiệm Tiếng Anh A2 có đáp án - Phần 37

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England's highest main-line railway station hangs on to life by a thread: deserted and unmanned since it was officially closed in 1970. Dent, situated high in the hills of Yorkshire wakes up on six summer weekends each year, when a special charter train unloads walkers, sightseers and people who simply want to catch a train from the highest station to its platforms.

But even this limited existence may soon be brought to an enD. Dent station is situated on the Settel to Carlisle railway line, said to be the most scenic in the country. But no amount of scenic beauty can save the line from the British Rail's cash problems.

This year, for the sake of economy, the express train which used to pass through Dent station have been put to another route.

It is now an open secret that British Rail sees no future for this railway line. Most of its trains disappeared some time ago. Bridge, built on a grand scale a century ago, is failing down. It is not alone. Half a dozen railway routes in the North of England are facing a similar threat. The problem is a worn out system and an almost total lack of cash to repair it. Bridges and tunnels are showing their ages. The wooden supports for the tracks are rotting and engines and coaches are getting old.

On major lines between large cities, the problem is not too baD. These lines still make a profit and cash can be found to maintain them. But on the country branch line, the story is different. As track wears out, it is not replaceD. Instead, speed limits are introduced, making the journey longer than necessary and discouraging customers.

If a bridge is dangerous, there is often only one thing for British Rail to do: go out and find money from another source. This is exactly what it did a few months ago when a bridge at Bridling station was threatening to fall down. Repairs were estimated at 200,000 pounds just for one bridge and British Rail was delighted, and rather surprised when two local councils offered half that amount between them.

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Our growing need for food, goods and energy has had many harmful effects on the environment. Gases produced by cars, power stations and factories cause acid rain, which kills trees and damages buildings. By using more environmentally friendly forms of transport, we help reduce this form of pollution.

A layer of carbon dioxide and other gases traps heat and keeps the earth at the right temperature. This is called the greenhouse effect. By burning fossil fuels we are producing too much carbon dioxide, which is causing temperatures to rise gradually. This global warming could lead to dramatic changes in climate.

A layer of a gas called zone protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Certain chemicals used in industry, such as CFCs, have caused a hole to develop in the ozone layer. The increased levels of ultraviolet radiation damage plants and sea life, and increase the risk of skin cancer.

Most of the energy we use to heat and light buildings, run machines, etC. is made by burning fossil fuels. This will eventually run out, so we need to use more more alternative sources of energy, such as wind and solar power that are renewable and do not pollute the air. We should also avoid wasting energy by using less electricity and water and insulating our houses.

We are destroying our forests, which produce oxygen and provide habitats for animals and birds. Deforestation also allows rain to wash away the soil, making the land useless for growing things. We pollute water by dumping waste from factories and houses, and by accidentally spilling chemicals and oil. Chemical fertilizers damage rivers and lakes by causing a layer of tiny plants, called algae, to cover the surface of the water. Organic farming does not harm the water supply.

Burying rubbish in landfills can let harmful chemicals leak through the ground into rivers, and it uses a lot of lanD. Burning rubbish adds to global warming. By sorting out rubbish for recycling, we can cut down on waste.

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Agriculture is the world's most important industry. It provides us with almost all our fooD. It also supplies materials for two other basic human needs clothing and shelter. In addition, agriculture provides materials in making many industrial products, such as paints and medicines. About half of the world's workers are employed in agriculture - far more than in any other industry.

Agriculture is one of the world's oldest industries. It began about 10,000 years ago in the Middle East. By that time, certain Middle East tribes had discovered how to grow plants from seeds and how to raise animals in captivity. Having mastered these skills, they could begin to practice agriculture. Before the development of agriculture, people got all their food by gathering wild plants, hunting and fishing. They had to search for food continually, which left them little time for activities. But as agriculture develop the arts, crafts, trades and other activities of civilized life. Agriculture, therefore, not only greatly affected the food supply but also made civilization possible.

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Computer programmer David Jones earns £ 35,000 a year by designing new computer games, yet he cannot find a bank prepared to let him have a cheque carD. Instead, he has been told to wait another two years, until he is 18.

The 16-year-old boy works for a small firm in Liverpool, where the problem of most young people of his age is finding a joB. David's firm releases two new games for the expanding home computer market each month.

But David's biggest headache is what to do with his money. Despite his salary, earned by investing new programs within tight schedules, with bonus payments and profit sharing. he cannot drive a car, take out a mortgage, or obtain credit cards.

He lives with his parents in their council house in Liverpool, where his father is a bus driver. His company has to pay £ 150 a month in taxi fares to get him the five miles to work and back every day because David cannot drive.

David got his job with the Liverpool based company four months ago, a year after

leaving school with six O-levels and working for a time in a computer shop. "I got the job because the people who run the firm knew I had already written some programs", he saiD. "I suppose £ 35,000 sounds a lot but actually that's being pessimistiC. I hope it will come to more than that this year". He spends some of his money on records and clothes, and gives his mother £20 a week. But, most of his spare time is spent working.

uc24h.Com "Unfortunately, computing was not part of our studies at school," he saiD. "But I had been studying it in books and magazines for four years in my spare time. I knew what I wanted to do and never considered fairly young, anyway." on at school. Most people in this business are David added: "I would like to earn a million and I suppose early retirement is a possibility. You never know when the market might disappear..

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Unlike the eye, the ear has no lid; therefore noise penetrates without protection Loud noises instinctively signal danger to any organism with a hearing mechanism, including human beings In response, heartbeat and respiration accelerate. In fact, there is a general increase in functioning brought about by the flow of adrenaline released in response to fear.

Because noise is unavoidable in a complex, industrial society, we are constantly responding in the same ways that we could respond to danger. Recently, researchers have concluded that noise and our response may be much more than an annoyance. It may be a serious threat to physical and psychological health and well-being, causing damage not only the ear and brain but also to the heart and stomach. We have long known that hearing loss is America's number one nonfatal health problem, but now we are learning that some of us with heart disease and ulcers may be victims of noise as well.

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Robert Edwards was blinded in an automobile accident nine years ago. He was also partially deaf because of old age. Last week, he was strolling near his home when a thunderstorm approacheD. He took refuge under a tree and was struck by lightning. He was knocked to the ground and woke up some 20 minutes later lying face down in water below a tree. He went into the house and lay down in beD. A short time later, he awoke. His legs were numb and he was trembling, but, when he opened his eyes, he could see the clock across the room fading in and out in front of him. When his wife entered, he saw her for the first time in nine years. Doctors confirm that he has regained his sight and hearing apparently from the flash of lightning, but they are unable to explain the occurrence. The only possible explanation offered by one doctor was that, since Edwards lost his sight as result of trauma in a terrible accident, perhaps the only way it could be restored was by another trauma.

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In his book "The Making of the President", 1960, Theodore White made some insightful observations about the television debates between Kennedy and Nixon He contended that the debates had to be analyzed within the context of the explosion in the field of the communications. During the previous debate, Americans had purchased television sets at a phenomenal rate. By the evening of the debate, 88 percent of all American families owned a television set, and a very large percentage turned into the debate.

The format was really less like a debate than like a press conference. Each candidate was allowed an opening statement of eight minutes, and then two and a half minutes to respond to each question proposed by a panel. There was no provision for dialogue between the candidates. As White observed, despite this format, Nixon proceeded as though he was in a personal debates with Kennedy, trying to score points from the reporters on the panel. In contrast, Kennedy spoke directly to the television viewers, concentrating on creating a dynamic and appealing image in order to influence them.

Later Kennedy claimed that the debate were the single most important factor in the election. In White's view the debates did change the direction of the campaign. From research studies, Including Gallup Poll, it appeared that Kennedy had gained at least 2 million votes as a result of the televised programs. When you consider that Kennedy won by a little more than 100,000 votes, the debates had to have made the difference. It has been clear to candidates since then that television debates are a very powerful tool