Bộ 20 đề luyện thi Chuyên Anh năm 2023 có đáp án (Đề 88)
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Danh sách câu hỏi:
Đoạn văn 1
Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment. Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders.” It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group. Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look into instrumental leaders to “get things”done.” Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s member. Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a mote distant respect
Câu 2:
The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT____.
Đoạn văn 2
Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions
PAPER
Paper is everywhere. We use it for homework, money, checks, books, letters, wallpaper, and greeting cards. We have paper towels, napkins plates, cups, and tissues. We print the news every day on newspaper. Our history and knowledge is written on paper. Without paper, our lives would be completely different. From the very beginning of time, people have tried to record their thoughts and lives. The earliest humans drew pictures on cave walls. Later, people used large pieces of clay to write on. Almost 5,000 years ago, the Egyptians wrote on pieces of plants called papyrus. Papyrus was used throughout the ancient world of the Mediterranean for thousands of years. Eventually it was replaced by parchment. Parchment was made from animal skins. It was stronger and lasted longer than any other material. The Chinese made the first real paper in the year A.D. 105. They mixed tree bark and small pieces of old cloth with water. They used a screen to remove the thin, wet piece of paper. Then they let the paper dry in the sun. The Chinese kept papermaking a secret until after 751, in that year there was a war between the Chinese and the Muslims. Many Chinese papermakers were taken away from China to live in Muslim countries. The art of papermaking soon spread throughout the Muslim world. Finally, by the end of the twelfth century, papermaking reached Europe. The first paper made in Europe was in Spain in 1151. The first important improvement on the Chinese method of papermaking was in France in 1798. A man named Nicholas Louis Robert invented a machine for making paper. His machine could make paper much faster than one person could by hand. However, his machine was not very successful. About ten years later an Englishman improved on Robert’s machine and began producing paper. The most important improvement in papermaking also happened in France. A scientist observed a wasp making its nest. The wasp chewed up pieces of wood, mixed it with the chemicals in its mouth, and made a paper nest. The scientist realized that people could make paper from wood, too. Finally, a machine was invented for grinding wood into pulp to use for making paper. Today, the principal ingredient in paper is wood pulp. It is made by machine. There are also other kinds of paper made from rice, wheat, cotton, corn, and other plants. Paper from wood pulp is the most common. Canada and the United States are the world leaders in paper production, due in part to the quantity, of wood that is available in the forests of these two countries. Because paper is made of wood, many people are becoming concerned that too many trees are being chopped down every year in order to produce paper. Trees are an important part of the environment. As a result, many companies that produce paper are using old paper instead of new wood pulp to make paper. This method of using old products again instead of simply throwing them away is called recycling. Recycling paper helps reduce the number of trees that are used every year. Many people also try to use less paper in their daily lives. They use both sides of a sheet of paper instead of just one. They use cloth handkerchiefs instead of paper tissues. There are also special containers in many schools and public places where people can put used paper instead of throwing it into the garbage can. Then this paper is collected to be recycled. Whether we use a little or a lot, paper has an important place in our lives. The books we read and write are made of paper. Our history and scientific inventions have all been recorded on paper. This, however, is changing. Other methods of storing information are becoming common. Computers can store an enormous amount of information in a much smaller space. Computer faxes, electronic mail, and the Internet are only three examples of technology that have replaced paper,
Câu 32:
Some wild animals are in danger in this region. The phrase in danger is closest in meaning to
Đoạn văn 3
Read the following passage and choose the correct word for each of the blanks
A DAY IN YOUR LIFE – IN THE YEAR 2020
What are two ways that technology will probably change your life in the next 20-25 years? People used to know more or less how their children would live. Now things are changing so quickly that we don't even know what our own lives will be (31) ___ in a few years. What allows is not science fiction. It's how experts see the future. You're daydreaming behind the wheel of your car, but that's OK. You have it on automatic pilot, and with its high-tech computers and cameras, your car "knows" (32) ___ you home safely. You're hungry, so you head for the kitchen as soon as you get home. You ordered groceries by computer an hour ago, and you know that by now they (33) __. Your kitchen has a two-door refrigerator, (34)_ opens to the outside to accept deliveries. You've already paid for the food by having the money (35)__ from your bank account. Nobody uses cash any more. What's for lunch? In the old days, you used to stop off to buy a hamburger or pizza. Now you use your diagnostic machine to find out which foods your body (36) _______. You find out you need more vegetables and less fat. Your food-preparation machine (37)______ you a salad. After lunch, you go down the hall to your home office. Here you have everything you need for doing your work. Thanks to your information screen and your new computer, you (38) _______ never go into the office any more. The information screen shows an urgent message from a co-worker in Brazil. You set the screen to translate Portuguese (39) __________ English. As you wait, you think about later, then you'll have a movie (40) ________ what a movie should you order tonight?
1917 Đánh giá
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