Tìm số tự nhiên x lớn nhất biết:

a) \(\frac{x}{5} < \frac{3}{7}\)                                           b) \(1 < \frac{{11}}{x} < 2\)

Hướng Dẫn Giải

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{9} + \frac{1}{{16}} + \frac{1}{{25}} + ... + \frac{1}{{9801}} + \frac{1}{{10000}}\)

\( = \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{{3 \times 3}} + \frac{1}{{4 \times 4}} + \frac{1}{{5 \times 5}} + ... + \frac{1}{{99 \times 99}} + \frac{1}{{100 \times 100}}\)

Thấy: \(\frac{1}{4} + \left( {\frac{1}{{3 \times 3}} + \frac{1}{{4 \times 4}} + \frac{1}{{5 \times 5}} + ... + \frac{1}{{99 \times 99}} + \frac{1}{{100 \times 100}}} \right)\)

\( < \frac{1}{4} + (\frac{1}{{2 \times 3}} + \frac{1}{{3 \times 4}} + ... + \frac{1}{{98 \times 99}} + \frac{1}{{99 \times 100}})\)

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{{2 \times 3}} + \frac{1}{{3 \times 4}} + ... + \frac{1}{{98 \times 99}} + \frac{1}{{99 \times 100}}\)

\( = \frac{{3 - 2}}{{2 \times 3}} + \frac{{4 - 3}}{{3 \times 4}} + ... + \frac{{99 - 98}}{{98 \times 99}} + \frac{{100 - 99}}{{99 \times 100}}\)

\( = \frac{3}{{2 \times 3}} - \,\frac{2}{{2 \times 3}} + \frac{4}{{3 \times 4}} - \frac{4}{{3 \times 4}} + ... + \frac{{99}}{{98 \times 99}} - \frac{{98}}{{98 \times 99}} + \frac{{100}}{{99 \times 100}} - \frac{{99}}{{99 \times 100}}\)

\( = \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4} + ... + \frac{1}{{98}} - \frac{1}{{99}} + \frac{1}{{99}} - \frac{1}{{100}}\)\( = \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{{100}}\)

Suy ra \(\frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{9} + \frac{1}{{16}} + \frac{1}{{25}} + ... + \frac{1}{{9801}} + \frac{1}{{10000}} < \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{{100}} = \frac{3}{4} - \frac{1}{{100}} < \frac{3}{4}\)

Vậy \(\frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{9} + \frac{1}{{16}} + \frac{1}{{25}} + ... + \frac{1}{{9801}} + \frac{1}{{10000}} < \frac{3}{4}\)

Hướng Dẫn Giải

So sánh bằng cách so sánh hỗn số.

a) \(3\frac{5}{7} = 3 + \frac{5}{7}\) và \(3\frac{4}{7} = 3 + \frac{4}{7}\). Do \(\frac{5}{7} > \frac{4}{7}\) nên \(3\frac{5}{7} > 3\frac{4}{7}\).

Các phần b, c, d ta có được:

b) \(2\frac{2}{3} = \frac{8}{3}\)                              c) \(1\frac{7}{9} < 2\frac{1}{9}\);                               d) \(4\frac{1}{5} < 4\frac{2}{3}\)