15 câu trắc nghiệm Vật lí 12 Cánh diều Bài 2: Năng lượng hạt nhân có đáp án

\(\Delta {\rm{m}} = {\rm{Z}}{{\rm{m}}_{\rm{p}}} + ({\rm{A}} - {\rm{Z}}){{\rm{m}}_{\rm{n}}} - {{\rm{m}}_{\rm{X}}} = 8 \cdot 1,0073{\rm{u}} + (16 - 8) \cdot 1,0087 - 15,9904 = 0,1376{\rm{amu }}\)

\( \Rightarrow {{\rm{E}}_{\ell {\rm{k}}}} = \Delta {\rm{m}} \cdot {{\rm{c}}^2} = 0,1376\underbrace {{\rm{amu}} \cdot {{\rm{c}}^2}}_{931,5{\rm{MeV}}} = 128,1744({\rm{MeV}})\). Chọn C.

Ta có: \(E = m{c^2} = 3,6 \cdot {10^{ - 3}} \cdot {\left( {3 \cdot {{10}^8}} \right)^2} = 3,24 \cdot {10^{14}}(\;{\rm{J}}) = 9 \cdot {10^7}{\rm{kWh}}\). Chọn B

Ta có: \(_Z^AX + _9^{19}\;{\rm{F}} \to _2^4{\rm{He}} + _8^{16}{\rm{O}} \Rightarrow \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{l}}{{\rm{A}} + 19 = 4 + 16}\\{{\rm{Z}} + 9 = 2 + 8}\end{array} \Rightarrow \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{l}}{{\rm{A}} = 1}\\{{\rm{Z}} = 1}\end{array}} \right.} \right.\). Chọn D.

\(\Delta {\rm{m}} = {\rm{Z}}{{\rm{m}}_{\rm{p}}} + ({\rm{A}} - {\rm{Z}}){{\rm{m}}_{\rm{n}}} - {{\rm{m}}_{\rm{X}}} = 1 \cdot 1,0073 + (2 - 1) \cdot 1,0087 - 2,0136 = 2,4 \cdot {10^{ - 3}}{\rm{amu}}\)

\( \Rightarrow {{\rm{E}}_{\ell {\rm{k}}}} = \Delta {\rm{m}} \cdot {{\rm{c}}^2} = 2,4 \cdot {10^{ - 3}} \cdot \underbrace {{\rm{amu}} \cdot {{\rm{c}}^2}}_{931,5} = 2,2356{\rm{MeV}}\). Chọn A.

\(\Delta {\rm{m}} = {\rm{Z}}{{\rm{m}}_{\rm{p}}} + ({\rm{A}} - {\rm{Z}}){{\rm{m}}_{\rm{n}}} - {{\rm{m}}_{\rm{X}}} = 4 \cdot 1,0073 + (10 - 4) \cdot 1,0087 - 10,0135 = 0,0679{\rm{amu}}\)

\( \Rightarrow {E_{\ell {\rm{k}}}} = \Delta {\rm{m}} \cdot {{\rm{c}}^2} = 0,0679 \cdot \underbrace {{\rm{amu}} \cdot {{\rm{c}}^2}}_{931,5{\rm{MeV}}} = 63,2489{\rm{MeV}}\)

\( \Rightarrow {E_{\ell {\rm{kr}}}} = \frac{{{E_{\ell k}}}}{A} = \frac{{63,2489}}{{10}} = 6,3249\left( {\frac{{{\rm{MeV}}}}{{{\rm{ nucleon }}}}} \right)\). Chọn D.

\({\rm{Q}} = {\rm{n}} \cdot {{\rm{E}}_{\ell {\rm{k}}}} = \frac{{\rm{V}}}{{22,4}} \cdot {{\rm{N}}_{\rm{A}}} \cdot {\rm{Q = }}\frac{{11,2}}{{22,4}} \cdot 6,023 \cdot {10^{23}} \cdot (2 \cdot 1,0073 + 2 \cdot 1,0087 - 4,0015) \cdot 931,5\)

\( \approx 8,55 \cdot {10^{24}}{\rm{MeV}}.\) Chọn A.