Cho tam giác ABC, kẻ tia phân giác AD. Đặt AB = b, AC = c. Chứng minh: \(c\overrightarrow {DB} + b\overrightarrow {DC} = \overrightarrow 0 \).

Lời giải

Ta có: \(\overrightarrow {AN} = \frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow {AC} = \frac{1}{5}\left( {\overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {AD} } \right) = \frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow {AB} + \frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow {AD} = \frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow a + \frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow b \).

\(\overrightarrow {MN} = \overrightarrow {AN} - \overrightarrow {AM} = \frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow {AC} - \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {AB} = \frac{1}{5}\left( {\overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {AD} } \right) - \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {AB} = - \frac{3}{{10}}\overrightarrow {AB} + \frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow {AD} = - \frac{3}{{10}}\overrightarrow a + \frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow b \).

\(\overrightarrow {NP} = \overrightarrow {AP} - \overrightarrow {AN} = \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {AD} - \frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow {AC} = \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {AD} - \frac{1}{5}\left( {\overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {AD} } \right) = - \frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow {AB} + \frac{2}{{15}}\overrightarrow {AD} = - \frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow a + \frac{2}{{15}}\overrightarrow b \).

Ta có \[ - \frac{3}{{10}}\overrightarrow a + \frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow b = \frac{3}{2}\left( { - \frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow a + \frac{2}{{15}}\overrightarrow b } \right)\] hay \(\overrightarrow {MN} = \frac{3}{2}\overrightarrow {NP} \)

Do đó M, N, P thẳng hàng.

Vậy \(\overrightarrow {AN} = \frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow a + \frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow b \); \(\overrightarrow {NP} = - \frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow a + \frac{2}{{15}}\overrightarrow b \); \(\overrightarrow {MN} = - \frac{3}{{10}}\overrightarrow a + \frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow b \) và ba điểm M, N, P thẳng hàng.