Đề thi Tiếng Anh ĐGNL Đại học Sư phạm Hà Nội 2025 có đáp án

Why volunteer in your country with the UN?

Would you like to contribute to your own country and work with others like yourself who have a desire to promote your nation's peace and development? National UN volunteers are (6) ______ assets to the work of the United Nations, particularly at the community level (7) ________ they usher in greater ownership of programmes and projects.

National UN volunteers may frequently have many roles. The types of activities (8) ______ which national UN volunteers engage may include:

- Strengthening the capacities of local communities, so they can participate effectively in development activities and (9) _________ access to government services;

- Fostering social inclusion and the (10) _______  of marginalized communities and persons;

- Encouraging national and local volunteer initiatives; and

- Promoting sustainability and the local ownership of development and peacebuilding activities.

The beauty of this is that the volunteers themselves broaden useful experience and enrich their own skills and development. That is why volunteering (11) ________ a win-win situation.

(Adapted from https://www.unv.org)

Dogfluencers on the Rise

Dogfluencers are becoming more popular on social media, especially during times of (12) ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­_______ social distancing. These dogs often look unique, (13) _______. Some dress in costumes, while others show funny or human-like expressions. Psychologists say that this kind of cuteness can lower stress and make people feel better. It also leads to higher (14) _______ online, with people liking, sharing, and commenting on dog content. (15) _______, it's no surprise that many are treated like celebrities. However, there are some ethical (16) ______ to think about, like dressing up pets or using certain dog breeds that may suffer from health problems. Still, their posts bring comfort, joy, and sometimes even a laugh. Whether it's a fluffy or a smiling dog, dogfluencers offer (17) ______ from everyday stress.

(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com)

Graduating from high school is an exciting milestone, but it also brings decisions about what comes next. With so many options available, deciding on the right path can feel overwhelming. Here come some tips you should take into account.

Firstly, before choosing a specific path, it's important to reflect on personal interests, strengths, and goals. Understanding what motivates you can narrow down career options and make decisions more manageable. Think about the subjects or activities that brought you the most joy during high school and consider how they align with future career paths. It can also help to take career assessment tests or explore interest inventories, which provide insights into areas that match your skills. Talking to mentors, teachers, or career counselors can provide additional guidance and new ideas you may not have considered. These discussions can also highlight strengths that you might overlook, giving you a clearer direction as you plan your next step.

Secondly, higher education remains a popular choice for many high-school graduates. Some students pursue associate degrees at community colleges, while others go to technical schools to acquire specific skills. [I] For those interested in broader academic programs or careers that require advanced education, four-year colleges offer a path toward earning a bachelor's degree. These colleges provide a variety of majors and programs, allowing students to explore different fields before committing to a career. [III]

Thirdly, for students who prefer hands-on learning, vocational training and apprenticeships are excellent options. [III] They often lead to certifications or licenses required for jobs in those fields. Consequently, vocational schools and apprenticeships allow students to enter the workforce more quickly, providing direct paths to well-paid careers. [IV]

Fourthly, always remember that financial planning plays a big role in deciding the next step after high school. Higher education can be expensive, but scholarships, grants, and financial aid can make it more accessible. Community colleges offer lower tuition rates, and some students transfer later to save money. For those who prefer entering the workforce, financial independence comes sooner, but long-term earning potential may be lower without additional education or training. It's important to consider the potential return on investment for each path.

In conclusion, by considering personal interests, financial realities, and available resources, students can make a choice that feels right for them. The next chapter of life after high school is about learning, exploring, and building a future, and every path forward has value.

(Adapted from https://blogs.oregonstate.edu/)

Green buildings are just better. Research shows that they are healthier for people and better for the environment. As building practices evolve, the ways that green buildings benefit people and communities grow. Today, green buildings reduce carbon emissions, energy use, and water consumption, making them a smart long-term investment.

Green buildings offer occupants better air quality with lower concentrations of CO2. With more fresh air, people in green buildings breathe better and enjoy higher productivity and better learning outcomes. Since studies show people spend 90% of their time indoors, air quality is critical to better health. People living and working in green buildings actually experience fewer sick days and lower asthma rates. They also sleep better thanks to better access to outdoor views and daylight.

Green buildings use less water, energy, and natural resources. They also decrease impacts on the environment. Zero-carbon buildings reduce pollution. They do this by using better materials and building processes that reduce harmful emissions. Green building standards exist to help building owners and operators pursue their sustainability goals and verify that their decisions are achieving the building's environmental and energy- saving goals.

Green buildings make good business sense. While they may cost slightly more to construct, they are more efficient to operate, which saves money in the long term. Commercial owners find green buildings demand premium rents and maintain better occupancy rates. Tenants also benefit from lower utility costs that make green buildings more affordable to live in.

As Canada works toward its climate targets, demand for green buildings will grow, creating new jobs. In fact, green building jobs outnumber Canada's forestry, oil and gas extraction, and mining sectors. With investment in green building and progressive policies, green building could account for 1.5 million direct jobs and $150 billion in GDP by 2030.

Green buildings play a role in shaping more equitable communities. Everyone benefits when community members have access to healthy, affordable housing or when communities are climate-resilient and can withstand extreme weather events. Since climate-related impacts tend to affect vulnerable communities the most, it's important that green building be part of Canada's approach to social justice. A social justice lens should also be applied to new green building jobs. As the shift to low-carbon buildings and retrofits increases, growing the workforce to meet demand should include strategies to prioritize underrepresented groups.

(Adapted from https://www.cagbc.org)