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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Being repeatedly late may just be accidental – or could it show a deeply rooted psychological desire to express your own superiority? When I worked in an office, meetings would often start late, usually because of a certain individual. Then they would overrun and the whole day lost its shape. But the individual was high-ranking and self-important: nobody challenged. So what are the ethics of lateness?
There’s a psychotherapist called Irvin Yalom who argues that all behaviour reflects psychology. Just as people who like to be on time are motivated by certain deep-seated beliefs, so those who make others wait are acting out an inner agenda, often based on an acute sense of power. There’s famous footage in which Silvio Berlusconi kept Angela Merkel waiting while he made a call on his mobile. It speaks volumes.
But that is when all lateness is in one’s control. What about when your train is cancelled or your flight is delayed or you had to wait longer for the plumber to arrive? In such cases, there’s not a lot of psychology involved. Or is there? Some people will genuinely worry about the impact it will have on those left waiting, while others might secretly enjoy the power of their absence.
The essential fact is that lateness means breaking a convention – you can only be late in respect of a time agreed with other people. Regardless of psychology, it has a social value. And when we treat other people’s time as less valuable than our own, we treat them as inferior.
What is the main idea of the passage?
Read the following passages and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 1 to 5.
A long and happy marriage is something that many people wish for, but finding the right partner is (1) more difficult than you might imagine. A friend of mine, Susan had not been very successful in her attempt to find the perfect partner, and she was beginning to lose heart and feel rather depressed. One day she happened to hear someone (2) about a computer dating agency which could help you to find the ideal partner. Susan immediately (3) an appointment to see someone at the agency, then waited to see what would happen. The agency arranged a meeting with a “suitable” partner at the local railway station a week later, although I (4) her not to go. My friend arrived a few minutes early but could see no one who matched the appearance of the man in the photograph she had been sent. She noticed a man waiting under the station clock and (5) a bunch of flowers. But there was no one else around. Suddenly the man started chatting to her and, after a while, asked her if she would like to go and have a coffee. Not until much later did they come to the conclusion that they had both been waiting for each other! When they had both recovered from the shock, they decided that the computer had been right after all!
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Over the past fifty years or so, the methods used for collecting money from the public to aid the developing world have changed out for all recognition, along with the gravity of the problems (1) _____, and the increasing awareness among the population that something must be done. At the beginning of this period, it would have been common to put money in a collecting box, perhaps on the street or at church. The 1960s saw the (2) _____ of shops which sold second-hand goods, donated by the public, and which also began to sell articles manufactured in the developing world in charitable projects set up to guarantee a fair income to local people. The next development was probably the charity ‘event’, in which participants were (3) ____ to run, cycle, swim or what have you, and collected money from friends and relatives (4) ____ how far or long they managed to keep going. The first hint of what was to become the most successful means of (5) _____ money was the charity record, where the artists donated their time and talent, and the (6) _____ from the sales went to a good cause. This was perhaps a (7) _____ of the fact that young people felt increasingly concerned about the obvious differences between life in Europe and the United States, and that in most of Africa, for example. A feeling of frustration was building up. Why was so little being done? The huge success of Band Aid, and (8) ______ televised concerts, showed the power of the media, and of music in particular, to inspire and shock. It differed significantly in style from other events. People phoned up in their thousands on the day and pledged money by (9) _____ their credit card numbers. (10) ______, if you have enough money to buy an MP3 player, you can afford something for the world’s starving children.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5
It is true that digital manufacturing does cut out the middle-man. More and more routine, repetitive assembly tasks will be taken (1)_____ by machines. But as certain jobs disappear, new ones open up in other parts of the factory. Germany in many ways exemplifies this trend. Today, German manufacturers (2) _____ three times more robots than U.S. companies, but they also still employ more humans. Relative to the size of our economies, German's manufacturing workforce is twice the size of America's. From its very beginning, the fourth Industrial revolution has never presented manufacturers with an either-or choice - robots or humans. It has always been about combining the talents of (3)_____. (4)_____, it is the convergence of artificial and human intelligence that will enable manufacturers to achieve a new era of speed, flexibility, efficiency and connectivity in the 21st century. Machines have the ability to assemble things faster than any human ever could, but humans possess the analytics, domain expertise and valuable knowledge (5) _____ to solve problems and optimize factory floor production.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
GLOBAL WARMING
Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists (1) _____________the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase in the world's temperatures and are convinced that, more than ever before, the Earth is at risk from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. According to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, even more (2) _____________and causing sea levels all around the world to rise.
Environmental groups are putting pressure on governments to take action to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide which is given (3) _____________by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in favor of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, (4) _____________ could then replace existing power station.
Some scientists, (5) _____________, believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait several hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is to stay.